2) Define and briefly explain the process of saponification. 3) Commercial vegetable oils are subjected to partial hydrogenation processing before they are made available on the market; a) Explain the importance of this partial hydrogenation on cooking oil. b) Give two reasons why un-hydrogenated vegetable oil is not suitable for cooking. c) What undesirable effect does partial hydrogenation cause? 4) Platelet-activating factor and Prostacyclin are lipids that play roles affecting coagulation. a) Differentiate the roles of each aforementioned lipid with reference to coagulation. b) What specific type of lipids does each molecule belong to? 5) Draw the structures of lecithin and cephalin, outlining the general features. 6) Explain the chemical importance of having 2-deoxy-D-ribose in DNA over D-ribose. 7) Draw a schematic diagram for the following DNA sequence; 5’-ACAGGT-3’. 8) Helicases are enzymes that separate DNA strands to allow access for DNA polymerase to carry out DNA replication. The sequence
1) Draw the structures and provide the systematic names of the following fatty acids (all
double bonds are in cis- configuration).
a) 24:0
b) 18:3(Δ
6,9,12)
c) 20:3(Δ
8,11,14)
2) Define and briefly explain the process of saponification.
3) Commercial vegetable oils are subjected to partial hydrogenation processing before they
are made available on the market;
a) Explain the importance of this partial hydrogenation on cooking oil.
b) Give two reasons why un-hydrogenated vegetable oil is not suitable for cooking.
c) What undesirable effect does partial hydrogenation cause?
4) Platelet-activating factor and Prostacyclin are lipids that play roles affecting coagulation.
a) Differentiate the roles of each aforementioned lipid with reference to coagulation.
b) What specific type of lipids does each molecule belong to?
5) Draw the structures of lecithin and cephalin, outlining the general features.
6) Explain the chemical importance of having 2-deoxy-D-ribose in DNA over D-ribose.
7) Draw a schematic diagram for the following DNA sequence; 5’-ACAGGT-3’.
8) Helicases are enzymes that separate DNA strands to allow access for DNA polymerase to
carry out
base pairs. Explain the significance of these sequences.
9) Give an example of a palindrome and a mirror repeat sequence (6
long, each).
10) Explain the effects of ROS on membrane lipids and on DNA.
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