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100 - MS-NU-3528 80 60 40 20 - uluwlwylpwbwwlywu 10 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 110 120 m/z Relative Intensity 20 8-

100 - MS-NU-3528 80 60 40 20 - uluwlwylpwbwwlywu 10 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 110 120 m/z Relative Intensity 20 8-

Chemistry
Chemistry
10th Edition
ISBN:9781305957404
Author:Steven S. Zumdahl, Susan A. Zumdahl, Donald J. DeCoste
Publisher:Steven S. Zumdahl, Susan A. Zumdahl, Donald J. DeCoste
Chapter1: Chemical Foundations
Section: Chapter Questions
Problem 1RQ: Define and explain the differences between the following terms. a. law and theory b. theory and...
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On this educational webpage, we are exploring the structural formulas of various organic compounds. Below, four different structures are shown, each with a corresponding selection circle for identification purposes. 1. The first structure features a benzene ring attached to an acetyl group (a carbonyl group bonded to a methyl group). This compound is commonly known as acetophenone. It is represented by the following structure: a six-carbon benzene ring with alternating double bonds, connected to a carbonyl group (C=O) and a methyl group (CH₃). 2. The second structure displays an alkene chain with a bromine atom. This molecule is 3-bromo-1-propene, characterized by a three-carbon chain where the first and second carbons are connected by a double bond, and a bromine atom is attached to the first carbon. 3. The third structure shows a linear chain of carbons with a chlorine atom attached to the first carbon. This is 1-chlorooctane, consisting of an eight-carbon chain where the first carbon is bonded to a chlorine atom. 4. The fourth structure is an amine, specifically 1-hexylamine. Here, the molecule consists of a linear six-carbon chain ending with an amine group (NH₂) attached to the first carbon. Each structure can be identified by selecting the appropriate circle next to it. This exercise aids in understanding how to identify and name organic compounds based on their structural formulas.
Transcribed Image Text:On this educational webpage, we are exploring the structural formulas of various organic compounds. Below, four different structures are shown, each with a corresponding selection circle for identification purposes. 1. The first structure features a benzene ring attached to an acetyl group (a carbonyl group bonded to a methyl group). This compound is commonly known as acetophenone. It is represented by the following structure: a six-carbon benzene ring with alternating double bonds, connected to a carbonyl group (C=O) and a methyl group (CH₃). 2. The second structure displays an alkene chain with a bromine atom. This molecule is 3-bromo-1-propene, characterized by a three-carbon chain where the first and second carbons are connected by a double bond, and a bromine atom is attached to the first carbon. 3. The third structure shows a linear chain of carbons with a chlorine atom attached to the first carbon. This is 1-chlorooctane, consisting of an eight-carbon chain where the first carbon is bonded to a chlorine atom. 4. The fourth structure is an amine, specifically 1-hexylamine. Here, the molecule consists of a linear six-carbon chain ending with an amine group (NH₂) attached to the first carbon. Each structure can be identified by selecting the appropriate circle next to it. This exercise aids in understanding how to identify and name organic compounds based on their structural formulas.
### Mass Spectrometry Graph Analysis The following graph represents a mass spectrum with the title "MS-NW-3528." Mass spectrometry is an analytical technique used to measure the mass-to-charge ratio (m/z) of ions. This information can be used to determine the molecular weight and structure of compounds. #### Breakdown of the Mass Spectrum **Axes:** - **X-axis (Horizontal):** Represents the mass-to-charge ratio (m/z) and ranges from 10 to 130. - **Y-axis (Vertical):** Represents the relative intensity of ions, with a maximum value of 100. **Peaks:** - The most prominent peak, usually called the base peak, has an m/z value around 40 and an intensity close to 100%. This means that the ion corresponding to this m/z value is the most abundant in the sample and serves as a reference point for the relative intensities of other peaks. - There are additional peaks of varying intensities at m/z values around: - 41 (around 65% of the base peak's intensity) - 42 (around 50% of the base peak's intensity) - Several smaller peaks below m/z 40 and above m/z 120, indicating the presence of other ions, but these are in significantly lower abundance compared to the base peak. ### How to Interpret the Spectrum 1. **Base Peak:** The peak at m/z around 40 is the most abundant ion and is typically used as a marker for identifying the compound. 2. **Other Peaks:** Peaks with m/z values not equal to the base peak are fragments resulting from the ionization process during mass spectrometry. These provide insights into the structural components of the molecule. 3. **Isotopic Peaks:** Clusters of peaks, especially those near higher m/z values (such as 120), might indicate isotopic variants of the same molecule. ### Conclusion By analyzing this mass spectrum, chemists can deduce the molecular structure and potential fragments of the compound being studied. The mass-to-charge ratio helps in identifying molecular ions and fragment ions, providing valuable information for qualitative and quantitative analysis. For further information on mass spectrometry interpretation, additional resources, such as textbooks on analytical chemistry and specialized articles, can be referred to.
Transcribed Image Text:### Mass Spectrometry Graph Analysis The following graph represents a mass spectrum with the title "MS-NW-3528." Mass spectrometry is an analytical technique used to measure the mass-to-charge ratio (m/z) of ions. This information can be used to determine the molecular weight and structure of compounds. #### Breakdown of the Mass Spectrum **Axes:** - **X-axis (Horizontal):** Represents the mass-to-charge ratio (m/z) and ranges from 10 to 130. - **Y-axis (Vertical):** Represents the relative intensity of ions, with a maximum value of 100. **Peaks:** - The most prominent peak, usually called the base peak, has an m/z value around 40 and an intensity close to 100%. This means that the ion corresponding to this m/z value is the most abundant in the sample and serves as a reference point for the relative intensities of other peaks. - There are additional peaks of varying intensities at m/z values around: - 41 (around 65% of the base peak's intensity) - 42 (around 50% of the base peak's intensity) - Several smaller peaks below m/z 40 and above m/z 120, indicating the presence of other ions, but these are in significantly lower abundance compared to the base peak. ### How to Interpret the Spectrum 1. **Base Peak:** The peak at m/z around 40 is the most abundant ion and is typically used as a marker for identifying the compound. 2. **Other Peaks:** Peaks with m/z values not equal to the base peak are fragments resulting from the ionization process during mass spectrometry. These provide insights into the structural components of the molecule. 3. **Isotopic Peaks:** Clusters of peaks, especially those near higher m/z values (such as 120), might indicate isotopic variants of the same molecule. ### Conclusion By analyzing this mass spectrum, chemists can deduce the molecular structure and potential fragments of the compound being studied. The mass-to-charge ratio helps in identifying molecular ions and fragment ions, providing valuable information for qualitative and quantitative analysis. For further information on mass spectrometry interpretation, additional resources, such as textbooks on analytical chemistry and specialized articles, can be referred to.
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