10.A. In each human female cell, either the maternal or paternal X chromosomes is turned off bythe activation of the XIST gene and by adding methyl groups to the chromosome. What do wecall the inactivated X chromosome?B. How many Barr bodies does a normal male have?C. If a phenotypic male has a Barr body, then what does this tell you about his chromosomes?D. If a phenotypic female does not have a Barr body, then what does this tell you about herchromosomes?E. Barr bodies are formed during embryonic development when the human embryo is a smallball of cells. Once an X chromosome is turned off in a cell, every descendent of that cell willhave the same X chromosome turned off. This results in human females being a mosaic of twokinds of cells. What does the word mosaic mean in this case?

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The process by which the expression of genes on the X and Y chromosomes is balanced in male mammals,…

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Biology

10. A. In each human female cell, either the maternal or paternal X chromosomes is turned off by the activation of the XIST gene and by adding methyl groups to the chromosome. What do we call the inactivated X chromosome? B. How many Barr bodies does a normal male have? C. If a phenotypic male has a Barr body, then what does this tell you about his chromosomes?

10. A. In each human female cell, either the maternal or paternal X chromosomes is turned off by the activation of the XIST gene and by adding methyl groups to the chromosome. What do we call the inactivated X chromosome? B. How many Barr bodies does a normal male have? C. If a phenotypic male has a Barr body, then what does this tell you about his chromosomes?

Biology: The Unity and Diversity of Life (MindTap Course List)

14th Edition

ISBN:9781305073951

Author:Cecie Starr, Ralph Taggart, Christine Evers, Lisa Starr

Publisher:Cecie Starr, Ralph Taggart, Christine Evers, Lisa Starr

Chapter10: Control Of Gene Expression

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 3CT: Almost all calico cats (one is pictured in FIGURE 10.7B) are female. Why? B When this calico cat was...

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2) In humans, one X chromosome in females is inactivated. Why does a female with one X chromosome show Turner syndrome? What is the difference between two X chromosomes with one X inactivated and one X chromosome in a female?
1. a. In yellow fever mosquitos (Aedes aegypti) 2n=6. In a mosquito cell that is going through mitosis, how many daughter cells are formed and what is the number of chromosomes in each cell? b. Another mosquito cell with 2n=6 undergoes meiosis. How many cells will result from this process, and what is the chromosome number in each cell?
4. a. Give at least three examples of types of mutationsthat would disrupt the process of mitotic chromosomesegregation. That is, explain in what DNA structuresor in genes encoding what kinds of proteins youwould find these segregation-disrupting mutations.b. How could you use yeast artificial chromosomes(YACs) to find such mutations in S. cerevisiae?
a. What is the diploid number of chromosomes for a human? b. What is the haploid number of chromosomes for a human? Which cells are considered diploid, gametes or somatic cells? C. d. Which cells are considered haploid, gametes or somatic cells?
6.) A form of “homologous recombination" can also occur in somatic cells. a. When might this happen? b. Describe two main differences between the recombination that occurs in meiosis and that which happens in somatic cells. (2-3 detailed sentences.)
3. RR and Rr carrots are orange, and rr carrots are white. But in an Rr carrot, a rare mitotic recombination event occurred, that gave the red carrot a patch of white. a) Starting with chromosome pictures something like these, diagram this chromosome crossover event and then b) draw them lined up at metaphase and take the cell through mitosis, showing how the cell could produce daughter cell progeny that give the white phenotype. R
9. The unlettered circle at the top of the figure shows a diploid nucleus with four chromosomes that have not yet replicated. There are two pairs of homologous chromosomes, one long and the other short. One haploid set is black, and the other is gray. The circles labeled A to E show various combinations of these chromosomes. Centromere D E A) Which drawing represents prophase of mitosis? B) Which drawing represents one daughter nucleus at the end of telophase of mitosis? 10. Why do neurons and some other specialized cells divide infrequently? A) They no longer have active nuclei. B) They have entered into G0. C) They only have one set of chromosomes. 11. One difference between cancer cells and normal cells is that cancer cells A) are unable to synthesize DNA. B) are arrested at the S phase of the cell cycle. C) continue to divide regardless if they have the appropriate signals. D) cannot function properly because they can only divide when there is space. 12. The spindle checkpoint…
а. Researchers have found that the gene that codes for APP is on which chromosome? b. Does everyone have a copy of this gene? Explain your answer.
1. A recently discovered bird species was found to have 29 chromosomes in its somatic cells before S phase. a. How many chromosomes (2n) are present in a somatic cell during mitosis? b. How many chromosomes does a bird receive from one parent? c. How many sister chromatids are present during metaphase 2? d. Assuming this species follows the same XX/XY sex differentiation as mammals, how many sex chromosomes are in an unfertilized egg? e. How many pairs of homologous chromosomes would you expect to see lined up during metaphase 2? 2. An onion cell (2n) with 10 autosomes and 2 sex chromosomes is about to undergo meiosis. How many cells will result from this process, and what is the chromosome number and ploidy of each cell? 3. An animal is heterozygous for two autosomal genetic traits found on different chromosomes. Purple fur is inherited dominantly (with pp genotype giving green fur) and the gene is located near the telomere on the short arm of an acrocentric autosome. The gene for…
12. During anaphase of mitosis, which of the following occurs? A. The polymerization of kinetochore microtubules B. The intra-chromosomal recombination of homologous chromosomes C. The polymerization of non-kinetochore microtubules D. The cleavage of the cohesins that hold sister chromatids together by the arms, and not the cleavage of the cohesins that hold sister chromatids by the centromeres. E. The nuclear envelope disappears
38.If a chromosome contains a mutation such that it cannot bind to the kinetochore complex, what would be the consequence? A. That chromosome would not be able to be replicated. B. That chromosome would not be able to condense. C. That chromosome would not be able to bind to the mitotic spindle, D. That chromosome would not be able to interact with histone proteins. 39. The stage of mitosis characterized by the physical separation of sister chromatids is called: A. Anaphase B. Metaphase C. Prometaphase D. Telophase 40.A duplicate copy of all of the hereditary information contained in the nucleus of eukaryotic cells is made during what stage of the cell cycle? A. G 1 B. S C. G2 D. Mitosis 41. Which structures indicate where crossing over has occurred? A. centromeres B. kinetochores C. chiasmata D. centrioles 42. What immediately follows meiosis 1? A. metaphase II B. prophase II C. synapsis of homologues D. crossing over of homologues 43.An allele for a particular trait that is only…
1. The figure below represents a karyotype performed on a somatic cell of an unknown organism. Answer the following questions using the figure. a. Circle (and label) 3 different sets of homologous chromosomes? b. This individual is heterozygote for gene A (Aa), Homozygote recessive for gene B (bb) and gene homozygote dominant for gene c (CC). Also, gene B and gene C are linked. Using the homologous chromosomes you circled in part a), provide a representation of the location of the A, B and C, genes and alleles on the homologous chromosomes and sister chromatids in such a way that is consistent with the scenario described above in part b). Choose the chromosomes of your liking to show an appropriate representation. TMIID IL MI