1. The SARS-CoV-2 virus (causing Covid-19) has an RNA genome, which isreplicated using an RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp). The structurebelow shows a drug that was recently developed as a treatment for infectionwith SARS-CoV-2(a) Which molecule normally found in a cell does it most resemble? (Youcan ignore the part of the structure highlighted with a red box. This isremoved by hydrolysis when the drug enters the cell).(b) Suggest a mechanism by which this molecule might inhibit infection.(c) Why is this drug unlikely to have major effects in the host?HNOHOH

Viruses contain nucleic acid/ribonucleic acid in the core region while the exterior/ envelope…

Answered: 1. The SARS-CoV-2 virus (causing…

Biochemistry

9th Edition

ISBN:9781319114671

Author:Lubert Stryer, Jeremy M. Berg, John L. Tymoczko, Gregory J. Gatto Jr.

Publisher:Lubert Stryer, Jeremy M. Berg, John L. Tymoczko, Gregory J. Gatto Jr.

Chapter1: Biochemistry: An Evolving Science

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 1P

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I need help with these questions I’ve completed for biology homework. So basically it says “A company was testing a new drug it thought it would help decrease the risk of transmission of virus from mother to fetus. In an experiment to test the drug, an investigator gave 400 pregnant female rats a small dose of the experimental drug and inocululated each type of virus known to causes disease in rats. At the same time, 400 other pregnant rats were given only the virus. All rats were given the same food and kept in similar cages. Of the rat pups born to females that received both the virus and the drug. 203 showed no symptoms of the disease; 205/rat pups born to the virus-only females showed symptoms. I wrote down the hypothesis I said the drug will decrease the rate of transmission of the virus from mother to fetus Then I wrote down independent/dependent which was the drug being independent and the transmission of virus being dependent Then I wrote the controlled variables…
just answer question --- dont need explanation
Given that BOVID-12 seems to have a significant affect on brain organoid size you decide to take iPSCs and differentiate them into neurons. The iPSCs mature into early neural progenitor cells (Early NPCs), then late neural progenitor cells (Late NPCs), and then neurons. You take each of these four cell types and infect them with the BOVID-12 virus. The results are shown below: Early NPCs Late NPCs Cell viability relative to mock infection iPSCs → IPS cells Neurons Late NPCs 120% 100%- 80%- 60%- 40%- 20%- 0%- 0.1 1 Amount of virus Which cell type(s) are unaffected by the virus? Both Early and Late NPCs wwwwwww.. iPSCs and Neurons Early NPCs Neurons 10
This table lists three hypothetical versions of the spike protein gene in the coronavirus. The B version is the original version in bats; the H and N versions have mutations. The last two columns show the characteristics of the spike protein for each version of the spike protein gene. Version of the Spike Protein Gene B H N H ΟΝ O B B and N OH and B Spike protein can bind to molecules on the surface of ON and H Bat Cells Yes Which version of the spike protein gene will result in a spike protein that will allows a coronavirus to enter a human cell to reproduced by the cell? No No Human Cells No Yes No
The new Covid19 vaccine produced by two companies (Pfizer, Moderna) uses mRNA coding for part of the spike protein of the virus. The virus uses the spike protein to invade human cells where it replicates. Is it surprising that the mRNA must be stabilized with chemicals that need ultra-cold or frozen storage to protect the mRNA from degradation before it causes human muscle cells to make the spike protein?
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You have just isolated the covid-19 virus. Analysis of its genome reveals that it is composed of a single stranded RNA molecule containing 24% adenine. Based on this information, what would you predict the % cytosine to be? (a) 24% (b) 26% (c) 48% (d) 52% (e ) Cannot be determined from the information given
Please consider the figure attached i. The ordinate (i.e., 'y-axis') represents values for the C or G nucleotide base proportion in sequences (or, in this case, genomes).ii. Influenza viruses that infected birds or moved from birds to humans without spreading are characterised by higher A + U content relative to influenza viruses that infected humans for long time periods.iii. Influenza viruses adapted to human hosts are characterised by lower G + C content relative to influenza viruses that infected birds or moved from birds to humans without spreading. iv. Human and swine influenza A H1N1 strains evolved from a birdlike G + C state to a humanlike G + C state since 1918. v. Data such as those depicted in the figure have been interpreted as evidence that the 1918 influenza virus strain originated from a bird influenza virus population. Question 1 options: A) Statement ii conveys accurate information. B) Statements ii,…
You plan to synthesize a peptide to be used as a vaccine to treat melanoma, a particularly aggressive form of skin cancer. Normally, gp100, a protein on the surface of melanocytes, activates cell growth when it is bound by its ligand. Activation of the growth pathway depends on the presence of threonine in the ligand. The effective peptide vaccine will mimic the natural ligand, but won’t cause cell growth and division. Below is the sequence of the natural ligand: LDMKTAG In order to ensure your newly designed peptide vaccine does not cause cell growth upon binding, you must substitute the Threonine residue at position 5. What amino acid would you replace it with, bearing in mind that the peptide should still be similar enough to bind to the gp100 protein in the surface of melanocytes. Explain your choice. Your vaccine will be administered as a topical cream, and you require your peptide to have an overall neutral charge in order to be functional. At what pH should you formulate…
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Finding drugs to treat viruses is far more challenging than finding drugs to treat bacteria. A. Why the difference? Ans: Viruses need a host cell to replicate and a bacteria needs food to continue to replicate. B. What can anti-viral drugs target in order to bring a viral infection under control, or to prevent a viral infection in the first place? Ans: To bring an infection under control you would want to inhibit protease so it could not break down the polypeptide protein chain down into new protein coats. C. What can anti-viral drugs target to prevent a viral infection in the first place? Ans: To prevent a viral infection in the first place you could take a medication that would alter the surface receptor, fill in the surface receptor or inhibits the viral surface protein all together. D. Offer 2 examples of drugs used to control viral infections (specify virus) and how do they work on different targets. Ans:…

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