1. The SARS-CoV-2 virus (causing Covid-19) has an RNA genome, which isreplicated using an RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp). The structurebelow shows a drug that was recently developed as a treatment for infectionwith SARS-CoV-2(a) Which molecule normally found in a cell does it most resemble? (Youcan ignore the part of the structure highlighted with a red box. This isremoved by hydrolysis when the drug enters the cell).(b) Suggest a mechanism by which this molecule might inhibit infection.(c) Why is this drug unlikely to have major effects in the host?HNOHOH

Viruses contain nucleic acid/ribonucleic acid in the core region while the exterior/ envelope…

Answered: 1. The SARS-CoV-2 virus (causing…

Biochemistry

9th Edition

ISBN:9781319114671

Author:Lubert Stryer, Jeremy M. Berg, John L. Tymoczko, Gregory J. Gatto Jr.

Publisher:Lubert Stryer, Jeremy M. Berg, John L. Tymoczko, Gregory J. Gatto Jr.

Chapter1: Biochemistry: An Evolving Science

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 1P

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How are poly-adenosine tails added to subgenomic mRNAs of RNA viruses? Repeated uracil bases on the template cause the polymerase to slip backwards and recopy the sequence Polymerases copy a 200 base string of uracils found in some RNA viral genomes Polymerases copy a 200 base string of uracils added to the template during circularization Viral mRNAs undergo post-translational modifications, which include splicing of introns, a 5'-cap, and a 3'-poly-A tail
1. UV light damages DNA by the formation of pyrimidine dimers. Draw the detailed chemical structure of a pyrimidine dimer and explain why the formation of such aberrant structures results in tumor-enabling genomic instability. 2. Use your own words to define ultraviolet light. Include a comparison of naturally-occurring vs artificial UV. What is UV-A? UV-B? UV-C? Which one(s) is (are) the most damaging to DNA? Why? Which one(s) are most likely to lead to a mutation in skin cells? Why? What type of UV light is used in tanning beds?
10. Distinguish between:- a. Glycoproteins and Proteoglycans. b. SIRNA and MiRNA List the various types of eicosanoids. Explain their importance in the human body. What are co-enzyme, isoenzymes and functional plasma enzymes? Discuss the profile of enzyme and isoenzymes in myocardial infarction. What are the different structural organizations during packaging of DNA in a eukaryofic cell? What is meant by denaturation of DNA? Define hyperchromicity of denaturation? What are extracellular matrix proteins? List their functions. How has fluorescence microscopy contributed to one understanding of the nature of cytoskeleton? a. Nanoparticles and their applications b. Molecular chaperones What are heterotrimeric and monomeric G-proteins? Discuss their functions. Describe the effect of the following molecules on electron transport chain. a. Thermogenin b. Oligomycin c. Atractyloside d. BAL a. Briefly discuss Ramchandran plot. b. What is quaternary structure of proteins? Mention the role of…
1)HSP 70 is a chaperone protein that aids the folding of newly formed polypeptides during translation (true or false) 2)ribosomes have two subunits but only the 60s subunit contains rRNA (true or false)
3. Coronaviruses express a nucleocapsid protein that is needed for propagation, transcription, and assembly of the virus. The nucleocapsid protein must be phosphorylated by a kinase in the host cell to carry out these functions. One such kinase that has been recently reported is glycogen synthase kinase 3 or GSK-3. The following is the 10-letter sequence of the nucleocapsid protein that is recognized and phosphorylated by GSK-3: SSRGTSPARM. Note: pk. N-terminus = 9.3; pk. R = 12.5; pK. T= 13; pK. S= 13; pK. C-terminus = 4.3 a) What is the sequence of the peptide using the three-letter amino acid abbreviations? b) Draw the chemical structure of the peptide when it is at pH 8. Assign charges and label the peptide bonds. c) What is the pl of the peptide? Do not use an online resource to calculate this value. Show your work to receive credit.
A man was brought to the hospital showing "pneumonia"-like symptoms. They took the viral load and determined this to be the new RNA retrovirus infecting lung cells. Since antibodies were unavailable, doctors decided to treat him with drugs. Which of the following would most benefit the patient? A. Drug A is an inhibitor of the binding of 4OS with 60S ribosome of the lung cells. B. Drug B is a structural analogue of the viral peptide that binds to the receptor of the host cell enabling viral entry into the cell. C. Drug C is a polar molecule that inhibits the lytic enzymes activated upon viral infection. D. Drug D is an inducer of a proteolytic enzyme. E. Drug E is a steroid that binds at the regulatory site of a gene causing the synthesis of a repressor that binds at the gene site for the receptor.
11. please fill in the blanks
True or False. 1. a.) RNA polymerase decodes mRNA so the ribosome can make proteins. b.) Only coding RNA can interact with the ribosome. c.) The ribosome is composed of both protein and ncRNA. d.)The ncRNA components of the ribosome behave as a ribozyme. Pick one of the FALSE statements from the 4 previous questions and explain why it is incorrect.
Replication of both strands of DNA in adenoviruses occurs ina continuous (leading) fashion. How can this happen withoutviolating the rule that DNA synthesis always occurs in a5′ S 3′ direction?
4. Illustrated below is the parts of SARS-CoV-2 virus. Search for the FUNCTIONS of the ff organelles: (a) Nucleocapsid protein (N) (b) Spike glycoprotein (S) Nucleocapsid protein (N) and RNA Hemagglutinin esterase (He) Membrane protein (M) Spike glycoprotein (S) Lipid bilayer Envelope protein (E) membrane
The flow of genetic information is from DNA to RNA toprotein. In certain viruses, the flow of information is fromRNA to DNA. Does it appear possible for that informationflow to begin with proteins? Explain.
5. If a virus has a negative-sense RNA genome, what enzymatic activity (if any) will be found as part of the virion structure and what will be the first step in expression of the viral genome? 6. Influenza viruses gain entry into their host cells by attachment to N-acetylneuraminic acid residues on the cell surface, followed by receptor-mediated endocytosis. Predict what effect the treatments shown in the table below will have on (i) the attachment of an influenza virus to a susceptible host cell, and (ii) the subsequent uncoating of influenza virus in the same cell. Use a “+" to indicate that the event will take place or a “-" to indicate that it will not take place. Note: In each case it is assumed that the events would be occurring in the same cell that has undergone the treatment. Treatment Attachment? Uncoating? Treatment of the host cell with neuraminidase Treatment of the host cell with NH,Cl, which prevents lowering of the lysosomal pH Treatment of the host cell with…

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