1. The Islamic world became a center of learning in 600-1300 due to two factors: 1) its location at the crossroads of trade routes, leading to the exchange of ideas and preservation of knowledge from Greece, Rome, India and China, and 2) promotion of literacy through the expectation of Quran reading, resulting in widespread use of Arabic and establishment of an educational system centered on madrasas. This led to significant advancements in fields like medicine and geography, with works such as Canon of Medicine and In Battuta's Travels making significant contributions. 1. How did Islam promote education? 2.Judaism, Christianity, and Islam are monotheistic religions that believe in one all-powerful God who created the world. They all have divinely directed messengers who bring God's message to humanity, preserved in Holy Scripture. They share several messengers, including Abraham, Noah, and Moses, as well as scripture like the Torah and parts of the New Testament. Additionally, all three faiths consider Jerusalem as a holy city. 2. What similarities exist between the three religions? 3.In the third century CE, the domesticated camel arrived in West Africa and led to the development of states. The camel was used for trade and war, and merchants would meet in the Sahel region where the Soninke lived and were ruled by a warrior chief called the ghana. The ghana taxed the trade and became wealthy and powerful, eventually becoming an empire by the 800s. Islam was brought to the region through trade and eventually the king converted in the eleventh century. However, in 1076, the Almoravids from North Africa conquered Ghana and disrupted the salt and gold trade, causing the Kingdom of Ghana to decline and never fully recover. 3.What creature lead to rapid change throughout Africa?
1. The Islamic world became a center of learning in 600-1300 due to two factors: 1) its location at the crossroads of trade routes, leading to the exchange of ideas and preservation of knowledge from Greece, Rome, India and China, and 2) promotion of literacy through the expectation of Quran reading, resulting in widespread use of Arabic and establishment of an educational system centered on madrasas. This led to significant advancements in fields like medicine and geography, with works such as Canon of Medicine and In Battuta's Travels making significant contributions. 1. How did Islam promote education? 2.Judaism, Christianity, and Islam are monotheistic religions that believe in one all-powerful God who created the world. They all have divinely directed messengers who bring God's message to humanity, preserved in Holy Scripture. They share several messengers, including Abraham, Noah, and Moses, as well as scripture like the Torah and parts of the New Testament. Additionally, all three faiths consider Jerusalem as a holy city. 2. What similarities exist between the three religions? 3.In the third century CE, the domesticated camel arrived in West Africa and led to the development of states. The camel was used for trade and war, and merchants would meet in the Sahel region where the Soninke lived and were ruled by a warrior chief called the ghana. The ghana taxed the trade and became wealthy and powerful, eventually becoming an empire by the 800s. Islam was brought to the region through trade and eventually the king converted in the eleventh century. However, in 1076, the Almoravids from North Africa conquered Ghana and disrupted the salt and gold trade, causing the Kingdom of Ghana to decline and never fully recover. 3.What creature lead to rapid change throughout Africa?
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1. The Islamic world became a center of learning in 600-1300 due to two factors: 1) its location at the crossroads of trade routes, leading to the exchange of ideas and preservation of knowledge from Greece, Rome, India and China, and 2) promotion of literacy through the expectation of Quran reading, resulting in widespread use of Arabic and establishment of an educational system centered on madrasas. This led to significant advancements in fields like medicine and geography, with works such as Canon of Medicine and In Battuta's Travels making significant contributions.
1. How did Islam promote education?
2.Judaism, Christianity, and Islam are monotheistic religions that believe in one all-powerful God who created the world. They all have divinely directed messengers who bring God's message to humanity, preserved in Holy Scripture. They share several messengers, including Abraham, Noah, and Moses, as well as scripture like the Torah and parts of the New Testament. Additionally, all three faiths consider Jerusalem as a holy city.
2. What similarities exist between the three religions?
3.In the third century CE, the domesticated camel arrived in West Africa and led to the development of states. The camel was used for trade and war, and merchants would meet in the Sahel region where the Soninke lived and were ruled by a warrior chief called the ghana. The ghana taxed the trade and became wealthy and powerful, eventually becoming an empire by the 800s. Islam was brought to the region through trade and eventually the king converted in the eleventh century. However, in 1076, the Almoravids from North Africa conquered Ghana and disrupted the salt and gold trade, causing the Kingdom of Ghana to decline and never fully recover.
3.What creature lead to rapid
change throughout
Africa?
4.After the decline of Ghana, the Malinke emerged as the dominant group in the region. Sundiata, the ruler of the Malinke, used the wealth from new gold mines to build the Empire of Mali which was larger and more Islamic. Sundiata established his capital at Niani and implemented successful reforms. After Sundiata's death, there was a period of turmoil, but order was restored under the leadership of Mansa Musa who divided the empire into provinces and established links with the Muslim world.
Mansa Musa transformed Timbuktu into a center of Islamic scholarship, but after his death, the empire declined due to weak leaders. In 1433, Timbuktu was sacked and by 1500 the Malinke only controlled their homeland.
4.Why was Mansa
Musa important?
5.The Songhai people took over the power previously held by the declining Mali Empire and established a wealthy Islamic empire in 1464. They used their wealth from the salt and gold trade to build a professional military and a centralized bureaucracy. However, their downfall came with the introduction of gunpowder from the Islamic world, leading to their defeat by a Moroccan army in 1591.
5.What caused the downfall of the Songhai?
6.The use of camels in trade between the Mediterranean and sub-Saharan
Africa was limited until the third century CE, but once they became a common mode of transportation they were ideal for merchants in the Sahara. Camels could carry 500 lbs. of cargo and travel up to 60 miles a day for up to 10 days without water. Berbers improved upon Arab innovations to create safe and profitable war saddles for camels, leading to regular trade and the gradual spread of Islam in the region.
6.What was a common mode of transportation and trade?
7.Trade across the Sahara involved three main centers of production and consumption. The forest regions between the Niger and Senegal Rivers traded gold, slaves, kola nuts, and palm oil for salt from the Taghaza mines in the Sahara. Metal ware, pottery, and glass made along the Mediterranean coast was bought with gold from the Niger River region and traded south to desert communities. Middlemen in the Sahel region facilitated the trade, leading to the rise of cities like Timbuktu.
7. What were some of the items traded across the Sahara?
8.The east coast of Africa was a significant hub for international trade due to its favorable weather conditions and maritime technology. Arab merchants navigated the Indian Ocean to visit ports like Mogadishu, Mombasa, and Zanzibar to buy and sell goods such as ivory, gold, silk, spices, and more. The merchants spent several months in each port, leading to cultural blending between West Africa and the Arab world, as evidenced by the Swahili language which is a mix of Bantu and Arabic.
8.How did cultures mix along the east coast in Africa at the time?
Expert Solution
Promotion of Literacy by Islam
- In addition to the expectation of Quran reading, the need to compile and codify Islamic history and knowledge led to the development of the study of "Hadith".
- Creation of a centralized bureaucratically run empire in the form of the caliphate necessitated literacy. The adoption of Arabic, written in a standardized script, as the official language throughout the empire, made it easier for literacy to spread.
- Papyrus was readily available in the Muslim world and within a few centuries, the knowledge of paper making and printing also got transferred from China. This also made it cheaper and faster to produce books.
- Wealth amassed through imperial conquest and trade was often used by rulers to patronize scholars.
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