1. For each of the following statements, indicate whether they are true of false.• enamines are more nucleophilic than enols - it follows the trend of N being a better pi donorthan O.• enolates are wa-a-a-a-ay better nucleophiles than enamines - unlike enols, enolates have a fullnegative charge.• the nitro group (NO2) can be understood to be the strongest of the common electronwithdrawing groups by virtue of the pk, value of simple nitroalkanes (ca. 8.5).⚫ typical "thermodynamic conditions" for the formation of enolates are: LDA, THF, -78 °C.⚫ the aldol reaction and the aldol condensation are one and the same - these terms can be usedinterchangeably.⚫ the aldol reaction was discovered in 1894 by Prof. Al Doll at Hudson University.• naming organic reactions after people is a questionable practise, which should be abolished.• naming organic reactions after people is a laudable practise, which should be continued.⚫ the E1CB mechanism goes through a carbocation intermediate.2. Write a complete mechanism for the reaction shown below. ི་ ་ ི་2. H₂O'

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Answered: 1. For each of the following…

Chemistry

10th Edition

ISBN:9781305957404

Author:Steven S. Zumdahl, Susan A. Zumdahl, Donald J. DeCoste

Publisher:Steven S. Zumdahl, Susan A. Zumdahl, Donald J. DeCoste

Chapter1: Chemical Foundations

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 1RQ: Define and explain the differences between the following terms. a. law and theory b. theory and...

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Rank the following esters from most reactive to least reactive in the first slow step of a nucleophilic acyl substitution reaction (formation of the tetrahedral intermediate): Rank the same esters from most reactive to least reactive in the second slow step of a nucleophilic acyl substitution reaction (collapse of the tetrahedral intermediate).
Nucleophilic aromatic substitution involves the formation of a resonance-stabilized carbanion intermediate called a Meisenheimer complex as the nucleophile attacks the ring carbon carrying the eventual leaving group; electron-withdrawing groups ortho and/or para to the site of attack help to stabilize this structure via resonance. For the reaction below, draw the structure of the stabilized reaction intermediate in the box below. CI F3C CF3 NO₂ F3C N CF3 NO₂ • You do not have to consider stereochemistry. • Draw the Meisenheimer complex with a formal charge of 0 on the nucleophilic atom. If more than one resonance structure is possible, only draw the most important one.
Which reagent(s) would complete this reaction?
How would you synthesize the following compounds from cyclohexanone using reagents from the table? Use letters from the table to list reagents in the order used (first at the left). Reagents a 1. CH3MgBr/dry ether 2 H3O+ e 1. OsO4 i 1. BH3/THF 2. NaHSO3/H2O 2. H₂O₂ / NaOH b 1. C6H5MgBr / dry ether f 1. NaBH4 j Mg / dry ether 2 H3O+ 2. H3O+ с PBr3 g HOCH2CH2OH/HCI k H2/Pd d m-chloroperbenzoic h H3O+ / heat I CrO3 / H3O+ acid m cyclohexanone a) cyclohexylbenzene b) 2-phenylcyclohexanone Submit Answer Try Another Version 3 item attempts remaining
How would you synthesize the following compounds from cyclohexanone using reagents from the table? Use letters from the table to list reagents in the order used (first at the left). Reagents a 1. CH3MgBr / dry ether 2 H3O+ e 1. OsO4 i 1. BH3/THF 2. NaHSO3/H₂O 2. H₂O₂ / NaOH b 1. C6H5 MgBr / dry ether f 1. NaBH4 j Mg / dry ether 2 H3O+ 2. H3O+ C PBг3 g HOCH2CH2OH/HCI k H2/Pd d m-chloroperbenzoic h H3O+ / heat 1 CrO3 / H3O+ acid a) 2-phenylcyclohexanone b) cyclohexylbenzene m cyclohexanone
Recognising how resonance contribtutes to the arrangement of charge around a ring helps to understand the reactivity of a substituted benzene. Consider the resonance contributors of ethoxybenzene 8-1 8-5-5 e According to resonance, is the ring: activated or deactivated to electrophilic substitution. And which site/s are the most susceptible to substitution? O a. deactivated - meta postions are most active O b. Deactivated - ortho and para positions are most active O c. Activated - ortho and para positions are most active O d. Activated - meta positions are most active
In each reaction box, place the best reagent and conditions from the list below.
Q8: Rank the following compounds in order of increasing reactivity in a nucleophilic substitution reaction with CN as the nucleophile. Br A B NH2 LL F C D OH CI LLI E Q9: Complete the missing entities for following reactions (e.g., major product(s), reactants, and/or solvents) for the SN2 reactions to occur efficiently. Include curved-arrow mechanism for reactions a) to d). a) H "Cl D + -OCH 3 Page 3 of 5
Nonconjugated B,y-unsaturated ketones are in base-catalyzed equilibrium with their conjugated a,ß-unsaturated isomers. The mechanism of interconversion involves the formation of a resonance-stabilized intermediate with three resonance contributors. Draw the structures of these three resonance contributors. OH • You do not have to consider stereochemistry. • Draw one structure per sketcher. Add additional sketchers using the drop-down menu in the bottom right corner. Separate resonance structures using the symbol from the drop-down menu. + *** Sn [F
Synthesize each compound from benzene. Use a diazonium salt as one of the synthetic intermediates. COOH c. CH3- -CH,NH2 е. Но- -CH3 a. Br OH b. d. CH;CH2- -COOH -N=N- -NH2
Provide the product or reagent that completes the reactions
Q4: Rank the relative nucleophilicity of halide ions in water solution and DMF solution, respectively. F CI Br | Q5: Determine which of the substrates will and will not react with NaSCH3 in an SN2 reaction to have a reasonable yield of product. NH2 Br Br Br .OH Br

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