1. Answer the following questions, based on this reaction: S+E ES EP= E+P A)What is the slow step of this reaction, and why is that step slow?
Electron Transport Chain
The electron transport chain, also known as the electron transport system, is a group of proteins that transfer electrons through a membrane within mitochondria to create a gradient of protons that drives adenosine triphosphate (ATP)synthesis. The cell uses ATP as an energy source for metabolic processes and cellular functions. ETC involves series of reactions that convert redox energy from NADH (nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD) + hydrogen (H)) and FADH2(flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD)) oxidation into proton-motive force(PMF), which is then used to synthesize ATP through conformational changes in the ATP synthase complex, a process known as oxidative phosphorylation.
Metabolism
Picture a campfire. It keeps the body warm on a cold night and provides light. To ensure that the fire keeps burning, fuel needs to be added(pieces of wood in this case). When a small piece is added, the fire burns bright for a bit and then dies down unless more wood is added. But, if too many pieces are placed at a time, the fire escalates and burns for a longer time, without actually burning away all the pieces that have been added. Many of them, especially the larger chunks or damp pieces, remain unburnt.
Cellular Respiration
Cellular respiration is the cellular process involved in the generation of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) molecules from the organic nutritional source obtained from the diet. It is a universal process observed in all types of life forms. The glucose (chemical formula C6H12O6) molecules are the preferred raw material for cell respiration as it possesses a simple structure and is highly efficient in nature.
![1. Answer the following questions, based on this reaction:
\[ S + E \rightleftharpoons ES \rightleftharpoons EP \rightleftharpoons E + P \]
A) What is the slow step of this reaction, and why is that step slow?
**Explanation:**
The diagram represents a sequence of reactions involving the formation and transformation of enzyme-substrate (ES) and enzyme-product (EP) complexes. Here’s a breakdown:
- **S** is the substrate.
- **E** is the enzyme.
- **ES** is the enzyme-substrate complex.
- **EP** is the enzyme-product complex.
- **P** is the product.
Each double arrow signifies that the reactions are reversible. The transition from **ES** to **EP** is often considered the rate-limiting step, meaning it is the slowest part of the sequence, typically due to factors like energy barriers or conformational changes in the enzyme.](/v2/_next/image?url=https%3A%2F%2Fcontent.bartleby.com%2Fqna-images%2Fquestion%2Febf69e27-3b27-4f98-a09a-8579a8586d1c%2F5f126a02-05f3-44cf-933e-b93ffe7719f9%2Fz4ce8y_processed.png&w=3840&q=75)
In SN2 tpe of reaction, one bond is broken and one bond is formed synchronously, .
In one step. SN2 is a kind of nucleophilic substitution reaction mechanism.
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