00 QUESTION 3 Many bonds are polar bonds due to the difference in electronegativities between the atoms involved in the bond. We saw earlier that bonds can be polar and therefore have a 5+ end and a 5- end. This creates an individual bond dipole. WHen dipoles are equal in magnitude but opposite in direction (like CO₂ below), the individual bond dipoles will cancel and the molecule is said to have no net dipole moment and is "a non-polar molecule". Water (also below), however, has bond dipoles that due to their orientation in space do not cancel and therefore lead to a molecular dipole (shown in green) and are "polar molecules". Which of the following moecules below will ALSO have a molecular dipole and are "polar molecules"? linear RECO A. BF3 B. CB4 C.CF2H2 D. NH3 E. H₂CO OF. IC1₂¹ -1 dipoles, cancel bent HD imolecule dipole
Formal Charges
Formal charges have an important role in organic chemistry since this concept helps us to know whether an atom in a molecule is neutral/bears a positive or negative charge. Even if some molecules are neutral, the atoms within that molecule need not be neutral atoms.
Polarity Of Water
In simple chemical terms, polarity refers to the separation of charges in a chemical species leading into formation of two polar ends which are positively charged end and negatively charged end. Polarity in any molecule occurs due to the differences in the electronegativities of the bonded atoms. Water, as we all know has two hydrogen atoms bonded to an oxygen atom. As oxygen is more electronegative than hydrogen thus, there exists polarity in the bonds which is why water is known as a polar solvent.
Valence Bond Theory Vbt
Valence bond theory (VBT) in simple terms explains how individual atomic orbitals with an unpaired electron each, come close to each other and overlap to form a molecular orbital giving a covalent bond. It gives a quantum mechanical approach to the formation of covalent bonds with the help of wavefunctions using attractive and repulsive energies when two atoms are brought from infinity to their internuclear distance.
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