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Darla Fils
May 18th 2021
DR. Victor Heh
IHP 525 Module Two Problem Set
1.
Five-City Project.
The Stanford Five-City Project is a comprehensive community health
education study of five moderately sized Northern California towns. Multiple-risk factor
intervention strategies were randomly applied to two of the communities. The other three
cities served as controls. Outline the design of this study in schematic form.
1.
Employee counseling.
An employer offers its employees a program that will provide up
to four free psychological counseling sessions per calendar year. To evaluate satisfaction
with this service, the counseling office mails questionnaires to every 10th employee who
used the benefit in the prior year. There were 1000 employees who used the benefit.
Therefore, 100 surveys were sent out. However, only 25 of the potential respondents
completed and returned their questionnaire.
a.
Describe the population for the study.
The population of the study is the 1000 employees who used the benefit.
b.
Describe the sample.
The sample would be the 25 employees who retuenrd the surveys that they completed.
c.
What concern is raised by the fact that only 25 of the 100 questionnaires were
completed and returned?
The concern that only 25 of the 1000 queationaroes were completwed is that it is such a
low number the data would not be accurate and the response would not represent the
whole population which can cause a non response bias.
1.
Air samples.
An environmental study looked at suspended particulate matter in air
samples (µg/m3) at two different sites. Data is listed here. Construct a stemplot of for
each site (here is where side-by-side stemplots would be helpful but not required) and
then compare the distribution of suspended particulate matter between the two sites
(remember to mention center and spread).
No calculations necessary.
Site 1:
68
22
36
32
42
24
28
38
Site 2:
36
38
39
40
36
34
33
32
Stem Plot
Site 1
Site 2
234
2
268
3
2346689
2
4
0
5
8
6
X10
Split Stem Plot
Site 1
Site 2
24
2
8
2
2
3
234
68
3
6689
2
4
0
5
5
6
8
6
X10
Both the sites have similar central locations but site one has a higher outlier than site two.
1.
What would you report?
What is an appropriate measure of central location for data
that are really skewed?
What is an appropriate measure of spread for data that are really
skewed?
The sample size should always be reporetedd and added to the problem. With the help of the
sample size the central location and the spread would include the mean which would be followed
by the standard deviation. (Gerstman, 2015) With the really skewed data the median would be
affected.
1.
Melanoma treatment.
A study by Morgan and coworkers used genetically modified
white blood cells to treat patients with melanoma who had not responded to standard
treatments. In patients in whom the cells were cultured ex vivo for an extended period of
time (cohort 1), the cell doubling times were {8.7, 11.9, 10.0} days. In a second group of
patients in whom the cells were cultured for a shorter period of time (cohort 2), the cell
doubling times were {1.4, 1.0, 1.3, 1.0, 1.3, 2.0, 0.6, 0.8, 0.7, 0.9, 1.9} days. In a third
group of patients (cohort 3), actively dividing cells were generated by performing a
second rapid expansion via active cell transfer. Cell doubling times for cohort 3 were
{0.9, 3.3, 1.2, 1.1} days.
a.
Create side-by-side boxplots of these data (so each boxplot uses the same y-axis).
When I was drawing this, that random line would not get off the graph. It is not meant to be
there!
2.
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b.
In addition, calculate the mean and standard deviations within each group. Comment on
your findings.
Cohort
n
Mean
Standard Deviation
1
3
10.2
1.61
2
11
1.17
0.46
3
4
1.63
1.12
Cohort 1
8.7+11.9+10
__________=
10.2
3
Cohort 2
1.4+1+1.3+1+1.3+2+.6+8+7+9+1.9
____________________________=
1.172
11
Cohort 3
0.9+3.3+1.2+1.1
_______________=
1.625
4
Standard deviation
Cohort 1=1.609348
Cohort 2=0.40632
Cohort 3=1.12361
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