CJ-315 7-2

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Southern New Hampshire University *

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315

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Statistics

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Apr 3, 2024

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P a g e | 1 7-2 Project Two Submission Angelina Garcia Southern New Hampshire University CJ-315: Victimology Professor, Jennifer Grimes February 23, 2024

P a g e | 2 I have selected Human Trafficking as the crime I wish to investigate. In terms of demographic location or targeted victim, this crime does not have a particular location; it occurs all over the world to all kinds of people. Human trafficking is characterized by relationships between family members and caregivers. The number of human trafficking incidents reported in 2021 was 10,359 incidents. Based on those reports, Escort Services, Pornography, Illicit Massage, Health & Beauty were the top three types of trafficking reported in 2021. The data indicates that most victims are recruited by someone they know, such as family members or caregivers, intimate partners, or employers. The Internet is the most common recruitment method. Traffickers often target vulnerable populations, such as people with mental health issues, those living in poverty, and people with limited education. Additionally, traffickers often target marginalized communities, such as LGBTQ+ individuals and people with disabilities. Traffickers may also target those with limited job prospects, such as recent immigrants or people without a criminal record. They may also target people who are unaware of their rights or who feel unable to report abuse. Currently, Polaris holds one of the largest known data sets on human trafficking in North America, the result of more than a decade of operating the United States Hotline for Human Trafficking. (Polaris, 2023). A Polaris expert analyzes data collected by the United States Department of State. It works closely with survivors of human trafficking to publish insightful and actionable research that sheds light on the shadowy world of human traffickers (Polaris, 2023) by utilizing the National Human Trafficking Hotline as well as other available sources of information. The expert's findings help to identify trends, patterns, and practices of traffickers, as well as inform policymakers and organizations on how to better combat human trafficking. The

P a g e | 3 research also raises awareness about the issue and helps to empower victims by providing them with the information and resources they need. Human trafficking can occur for a number of reasons. In the United States, data indicates that the majority of trafficking victims are individuals who have historically been discriminated against and their political, social, and economic consequences have been impacted. Those of color, indigenous communities, immigrants, and individuals who identify as LGBTQ+ have been disproportionately victimized by trafficking. A person living in poverty, in foster care, or who is suffering from addiction, trauma, abuse, or unstable housing is more likely to become a victim of trafficking (Polaris, 2023)" Additionally, those who are victims of human trafficking are more likely to come from marginalized communities, which can include race, ethnicity, gender, and sexual orientation. These communities often lack access to resources and support, making them more vulnerable to exploitation. Several laws and systems need to be changed that do not necessarily relate to criminal justice. They don't need to be specific to human trafficking. There is an eviction moratorium in place that prevents people from being evicted from their homes during a pandemic and a period of economic turmoil. Specifically, they aim to improve the protection of youth who are aging out of foster care and to change the immigration system so that threats of deportation are not as easily used to control people as they once were. Public procurement rules ensure that taxpayer funds are not used for forced labor in landscaping and construction, and they ensure everyone can earn a living wage - a true living wage (Polaris, 2023). In addition, they strive to promote equitable access to housing, education, and job opportunities. They also work to end racial profiling and all forms of discrimination. Finally, they seek to create safe and equitable public spaces for all.

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P a g e | 4 The Trauma Affect Regulation: Guide for Education and Therapy (TARGET) is a program I found that has been deemed effective by the National Institute of Justice. The TARGET program teaches skills for coping with trauma-related reactions, such as symptoms of post-traumatic stress disorder, traumatic grief, survivor guilt, and shame as a result of stressful situations. It is the purpose of treatment to assist individuals in regulating intense emotions and gaining control over post-traumatic stress reactions." (Polaris, 2011). In addition to providing individuals with the tools they need to make better decisions; the program may also help them identify when a situation is unsafe and enable them to remove themselves from it. Through the program, participants learn a seven-step skill sequence - known as FREEDOM - which helps them cope with stress-related reactions in the present. To assist clients in learning how to regulate intense emotions and solve social problems while maintaining their sobriety, TARGET draws upon cognitive-behavioral therapy and self-relational models of treatment. This framework helps to understand and manage trauma memories (Polaris, 2011). The FREEDOM skills sequence focuses on teaching participants how to recognize, manage, and healthily respond to emotions. TARGET also teaches clients how to develop self-awareness and self-compassion, as well as mindfulness strategies. Finally, TARGET provides participants with the tools they need to create and maintain healthy relationships.

P a g e | 5 References National Institute of Justice. (2011). Retrieved from Program Profile: Trauma Affect Regulation: Guide for Education and Therapy (TARGET): https://crimesolutions.ojp.gov/ratedprograms/145#ar Polaris. (2023). Retrieved from https://polarisproject.org/myths-facts-and-statistics/

CJ-315 7-2

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