Ashley Gonzalez 12 Descriptive Statistics Prep Sheet #3-1

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California State University, Fullerton *

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Statistics

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Apr 3, 2024

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Prep Sheet #3. Chapter 12 Descriptive Statistics Before you begin: 1. Download this file 2. Save the file according to your LastName.FirstName_Ch 12 Prep.DescriptiveStat . Complete assignment : 3. Read all instructions for each section or item as you go. 4. Type your answers into colored spaces provided. 5. There are 5 points for a complete assignment. Answer the following items based on the content of Chapter 12, “Descriptive Statistics”, from your textbook Research Methods in Psychology : https://kpu.pressbooks.pub/psychmethods4e/part/the- science-of-psychology/ . 1. This chapter begins by presenting the techniques for summarizing and describing single variables. Define a histogram. Identify what is on the x-axis and what is on the y-axis of a histogram. A histogram is a graph representing the distribution of data, is used to help identify patterns. The y axis is the frequency that something is occurring. The x axis is the range of the values. (classes) a histogram is used to show quantitative variables. 2. To describe the distribution of a variable or how a sample scored on a variable, we need two measures. One is a measure of central tendency. a. Identify and describe the three measures of central tendency. The other measure needed to describe the distribution of a variable or how a sample scored on a variable consists of measures of variability. b. Please identify and describe two measures of variability. a. Three measures of central tendency: mode, median, and mean. b. Two measures of variability: range and standard deviation. 3. In section 53 Describing Statistical Relationships there is a section on Differences Between Groups. The authors state, “The most widely used measure of effect size for differences between group or condition means is called Cohen’s d .” Please define Cohen’s d and explain why it is useful . It is useful because it provides a scale of values that is consistent across all studies. Cohen’s d allows us to find the comparison between two means letting us know if the effective sizes are strong, medium, or small. 4. The range of a correlation coefficient, Pearson’s r , is from -1.00 through zero to +1.00. Which correlation is stronger, a -1.00 or a +1.00? They are both strong. 1
5. Reading a bar graph. Describe the results displayed on the following bar chart by answering the question in the blue box. Noisy Condition Quiet Condition 0 5 10 15 20 25 Bar Chart Quiz Scores Males Females Students took a quiz two times, once when it was noisy (Noisy Condition) and once when it was quiet (Quiet Condition). The results of how the students scored are displayed in this bar chart. What can you tell about the scores for males and females displayed on this bar chart? What I could tell from the bar chart is that when it was noisy the male students did better than when it was quit. As for the females when it was quite they did better than when it was noisy. 6. Please identify something you did not understand as well as you would have liked from this chapter OR something you would like more explanation on. Something I did not understand that well is how to properly explain a correlation by writing a statistical statement. After you finish : 1. Save your work (by clicking Save since you have the file already named). 2. Pay attention to where your document/work is saved. 3. Upload the document into the proper submission folder in Canvas. See you in class! 2
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