Week 6 Assignment A Holistic Response to Crime Victimization

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RESPONSE TO CRIME VICTIMIZATION 1 A Holistic Response to Crime Victimization Julie Holiday The University of Arizona Global Campus CRJ615: Victimology Instructor: David DiBari September 18, 2023

RESPONSE TO CRIME VICTIMIZATION 2 Abstract This essay provides a brief history of victimology. The numerous victimology thoughts that have been invested out over effort will be talked about, as well as the contemporary techniques for addressing the necessities of casualties. It likewise records the various gatherings associated with criminal casualties and their obligations. It is made sense of how victimology connects with numerous aspects of the law enforcement framework. The author also discusses the connection between victimology, social justice, and socioeconomic diversity. It likewise investigates what the necessities of wrongdoing casualties are meant for by the different exploitation avoidance techniques. Likewise, the creator fosters a complete casualty compensation plan for undergrads who become survivors of rape and makes expectations about how wrongdoing mediation and preventive strategies will be taken care of in the following 20 years. Introduction Since anyone might turn into a casualty of sexual brutality, it doesn't just influence people of a specific nationality, financial class, or age. However, the factors that increase the likelihood of victimization have been identified by researchers. Females face a more noteworthy possibility becoming rape casualties, particularly all through their young years and while going to school, claims Daigle (2017). One of the key components that could add to potential sexual exploitation is the university way of life. As per Siegel (2010), this way of life is habitually connected to sexual wrongdoings because of the celebrating way of life that most of undergrads lead. Also, most of undergrads take part in hazardous sexual ways of behaving, with female understudies continuously being the most helpless (Daigle, Johnson, Napper, and Azimi, 2016). Cops have been recruited by a few schools and establishments because of the ascent in

RESPONSE TO CRIME VICTIMIZATION 3 exploitation occurrences. For laborers and understudies to report any dubious movement, crisis reaction numbers have been provided (Daigle, 2017). History, Victimology Theories, and Methods Victimology is the investigation of what, how, and why individuals become casualties, as well as how victimology cases are taken care of by the law enforcement framework. During the 1940s, scholastics started looking at wrongdoing casualties rather than lawbreakers as their essential subject of study. This was finished to help them in sorting out which section a casualty played in a wrongdoing. Various thoughts of casualty incitement, casualty help, and casualty precipitation were created because of this review. In light of social disturbances during the 1960s, the President's Bonus on Policing the Organization of Equity was laid out. The Public Wrongdoing Exploitation Review (NCVS), whose task it was to lead family overviews the nation over to give a reasonable image of how different people experience wrongdoing exploitation, was put under the commissions control (Daigle, 2017). The treatment of casualties by policing a subject covered by the Ladies' Development. It prompted the production of safe houses where assault and homegrown maltreatment casualties could dwell. Kids were perceived as casualties because of this mission, and they got administrations that altogether advanced the necessities of mishandled youngsters. Minorities were found to have been abused by policing the Social equality Development, both as guilty parties and casualties (Daigle, 2017). This development upheld the advancement of a few casualty plans that tried to change the working of the law enforcement framework. Contingent upon the seriousness and nature of their maltreatment, casualties have various requests. Any victim of a crime who wishes to seek justice must receive assistance from the police and the legal system. Law enforcement experts regularly get particular preparation in

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RESPONSE TO CRIME VICTIMIZATION 4 social event realities and confirmation so as not to expose a casualty to more maltreatment. In numerous general sets of laws today, casualty advocates are allocated to give casualties transportation to and from court meetings, help with acquiring childcare while making court appearances, warning of court procedures, and help with mentioning and getting security (Daigle, 2017). Social help associations, as per Davis and Ullman (2013), help casualties in getting money related pay, legitimate help while mentioning defensive administrations or separation, and the option to look for treatment from analysts and specialists. Clinical experts give quick thoughtfulness regarding any wounds straightforwardly experienced during a wrongdoing as need might have arisen for the recuperation cycle. Psychologists, like medical professionals, offer comprehensive therapy and immediate emotional care to help victims of crime adjust to their circumstances. Criminologists have come up with a number of theories to explain why people commit crimes or take part in them. The rational choice theory holds that careful preparation results in illegal behavior. Moreover, as indicated by Siegel (2010), lawbreakers contemplate their own and situational conditions prior to perpetrating a wrongdoing. A person's involvement in criminal activity is based on abnormal psychological traits, according to the trait hypothesis. Another theory that suggests socioeconomic disadvantages contribute to criminal behavior is the social structure hypothesis. Crime analysts have fostered various plans to make sense of why individuals become casualties. Casualty precipitation scholars fight that casualties might begin a quarrel that prompts their harm. As indicated by the social learning speculation, people might begin acting criminally in the wake of seeing criminal behavior (Siegel, 2010). Victimologists fight that the individuals who are presented to fierce environmental factors are bound to become vicious casualties

RESPONSE TO CRIME VICTIMIZATION 5 (Daigle, 2017). The probability of being a casualty is expanded by way of life choices including evening meandering, clubbing, and connecting with lawbreakers. Stakeholders in Crime Victimization The gatherings associated with wrongdoing exploitation incorporate the person in question, the culprit, society, the casualty's family, and the wrongdoer's colleagues. A victim is a person who survived a crime and was affected by it. Because of a wrongdoer's disdain, greed, or fury, a few casualties become latent focuses, while others effectively add to the wrongdoing (Siegel, 2010). Guilty parties are individuals who carried out the wrongdoing, which might have been deliberate or inadvertent. Exploitation affects society since it causes individuals to feel hazardous when wrongdoings are carried out. Family and friends must offer emotional and psychological support to the victim. If the victim is held accountable for the crime, the family may experience shame. The guilty party's family members and companions could feel embarrassed and offended as well as habitually uncertain of regardless of whether to help the wrongdoer. Victimology and the Criminal Justice System: Interrelations Casualties presently have more privileges and explicit necessities in light of the fact that to the approach of victimology. Posick (2014) contends that it is vital to comprehend the characters and encounters of casualties to satisfy their requirements and fix the damage that a wrongdoing has incurred. Bureaucratic and state legislatures have made various lawful methods to fulfill the needs of wrongdoing casualties (Boateng and Abes, 2017). Advocates for casualty privileges are regardless worried that survivors of brutal and peaceful violations have an alternate an open door to partake in the law enforcement framework than non-casualties, despite these turns of events. Freedoms should along these lines be regarded and recognized.

RESPONSE TO CRIME VICTIMIZATION 6 As per research, a casualty's longing to collaborate in a criminal examination is firmly corresponded with how policing and moves toward them (Hansen, Hansen, Nielsen, Bramsen, Elkit and Campbell, 2018). This regularly occurs in circumstances of rape. Hansen et al. say that ( 2018), a few injury side effects in assault casualties are regularly viewed by policing as proof of lying, which affects the decisions the police make. As indicated by another review, the elevated degrees of profound experiencing experienced during the wrongdoing are the fundamental justification for why most casualties abandon the examinations. Numerous casualties are reluctant to unveil wrongdoings against them, in spite of the endeavors of victimologists to guarantee that their necessities are fulfilled. Networks around the nation have constructed multidisciplinary reaction frameworks to further develop post-attack treatment for casualties and increment preliminary to resolve the issue of violations not being accounted for (Campbell, Bybee, Kelley, Dworkin and Patterson, 2012). The Rape Attendant Analyst (Normal) programs were made to give medical caretakers particular preparation on the most proficient method to offer survivors of rape clinical, legal, and mental consideration. Despite the fact that crime location experts are expected to accumulate proof at crime locations, it should be done cautiously on the grounds that rape is a sensitive subject. The clinical assessments habitually cause re-injury in victims, which leaves them with nervousness and despairing. Along these lines, SANEs help policing areas of strength for creating with casualties, which works on the type of casualty articulations. It is critical to take note of that casualties should be educated regarding their privileges and choices. They should be allowed to participate in court proceedings. According to Daigle (2017), victims are entitled to compensation, protection from the offender, and prompt notification of any judicial proceedings pertaining to their cases. According to Irazola,

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RESPONSE TO CRIME VICTIMIZATION 7 Williamson, Niedzwiecki, Debus-Sherrill, & Sun (2015), an automated notification system is used in the United States to provide victims with timely and accurate information regarding the offender's court proceedings and status changes. The Relationship between Socioeconomic Diversity and Modern Criminal, Social Justice, and Victimology Financial position is inseparably connected to an individual's probability of being a casualty of rape, claims Daigle (2017). Furthermore, an individual's financial circumstance has an immediate bearing on their probability of carrying out a wrongdoing. As indicated by research, indictment rates for lawbreakers from low financial class are higher than for those from high financial class. In any case, victimologists support helpful equity to address bias against wrongdoers and casualties in view of their financial foundation. Restorative justice focuses on the needs of all those impacted by crime in order to alleviate the suffering caused by it (Siegel, 2010). De Mesmaecker (2010) attests that supportive equity reintegrates crooks into society while the law enforcement framework underestimates casualties. Posick (2013) adds that alternatives like restorative justice, which places a greater emphasis on the emotional and psychological needs of society and the victim, must be taken into consideration. Approaches & Measures to Address Criminal Victimization It is important to execute projects and strategies around the world to keep away from exploitation. Conventional disciplines like imprisonment and probation ought to be applied to the people who comprehend that exploitation and related injury are a part of how people act. Victimization should be the primary focus of trauma-informed criminal justice professionals who work with criminals as part of the justice system. Indeed, even while some could contend that tending to the exploitation experienced by the culprit is delicate on wrongdoing, it is important to

RESPONSE TO CRIME VICTIMIZATION 8 do as such to diminish occurrences of viciousness openly puts. Concentrates on exploitation programs are advancing rapidly, and mental social treatment is one technique for achieving change. This sort of treatment might be utilized with grown-ups and youngsters in different social settings. Young people who have been victimized should have access to therapy because it will improve their mental health. Most people might make proactive strides like locking entryways, keeping away from obscured roads, conveying less money, protecting resources, or drinking less liquor to reduce their possibilities being a casualty. According to Daigle (2017), individuals can also enroll in self-defense classes to learn how to recognize risky behaviors. Programs that train ladies on the most proficient method to detect risky conditions and battle a wrongdoing have been shaped in light of the ascent in rape cases in schools and colleges (Daigle, 2017). Also, spectator drives like Green Dab instruct individuals on the best ways to deal with make in the event that they notice any misogynist moves or comments. According to Daigle (2017), this program teaches participants what to do in the event of sexual assault. Methods for Combating Victimization Rather than the past, there are a few casualty rights regulations set up across the US. Regulations that address the issues and necessities of wrongdoing casualties have gotten the help of both the administrative and state legislatures. The right to a brief preliminary, the right to somewhere safe and secure, the option to demand repayment, the option to get pay from the culprit, and the option to be treated with deference and respect are a couple of their privileges and cures (Daigle, 2017). Regardless of whether the Wrongdoing Casualties' Privileges Act's freedoms for casualties well affect their prerequisites, casualties' uncommon requirements are

RESPONSE TO CRIME VICTIMIZATION 9 regularly dismissed. The privileges conceded to a casualty regularly can't be changed for a particular casualty. The Next Two Decades and the Management of Crime Prevention and Intervention Programs Regardless of the enthusiastic endeavors of crime analysts to make hypotheses that shed light on the reasons of wrongdoing, apparently exploitation will go on in the US for quite a while to come. Lessening events of rape in schools will rely upon potential casualties except if instructive establishments give understudies legitimate guidance and act immovably against guilty parties. Alongside giving data and arrangements, schools need to prepare its educators, staff, and security work force in how to deal with circumstances of rape. Schools ought to be transformed into caring institutions that comprehend and acknowledge the suffering of sexual assault victims. Casualties' lives will be assisted with remaking by this. Directors in schools should keep casualties from being defamed, as this can cause pressure, despondency, and uneasiness (Herman, 2013). Integrated Victim Restitution Strategy An exhaustive casualty compensation plan planned explicitly for tertiary understudies who have encountered rape ought to take care of the necessities of the people in question and give them a feeling of equity. It ought to incorporate adjustments to their living courses of action, school costs, educational cost repayments, and authorizations against the culprit. Current policy directives issued by the federal government require colleges and universities to prevent and respond appropriately to sexual assault. Rape does, be that as it may, keep on happening in schools and colleges despite this government strategy. Universities and colleges are required to respond promptly and fairly to the Dear Colleague Letter (DCL) mandated by Title IX of the

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RESPONSE TO CRIME VICTIMIZATION 10 Educational Amendments of 1972 (Title IX). They ought to likewise have an obviously characterized method for handling rape charges, apply the lion's share of proof standard while tending to cases through the school's direct board, and give preparing to college workers on the best way to deal with rape cases (Moylan, 2017). A casualty ought to get whatever earnest and essential clinical and mental consideration regardless of their monetary position. The administration and safety faculty at the foundations ought to work with policing during the suspect's cross examination and preliminary. This joint effort ought to begin when the underlying objection is accounted for and go on until the court makes reference to the decision. As per studies, understudies much of the time say that the organization overlooks their charges of rape, faults them for the occurrence, and doesn't consider the culprits responsible. Nonetheless, authorities at schools shouldn't settle on the choice to excuse claims of rape. All things being equal, any data ought to be given to policing they might investigate it and the lawbreaker can be charged in court. Conclusion It is significant to recall that exploitation and wrongdoing are firmly related. Policing, is expected to ensure that individuals live in a protected and wrongdoing free climate. Quite possibly of the greatest wrongdoing that add to victimology is rape. Victims of this crime frequently hesitate to talk about assaults because they fear being judged. Because of most of episodes going unreported as an outcome, culprits frequently pull off their violations. We must also acknowledge that allowing criminals to escape punishment jeopardizes the safety of the entire neighborhood. People in general must know about the impacts of exploitation and how to help the people who have experienced it in mending. The people group ought to help reintegration and restitution simultaneously. Criminals should be welcomed back into society in

RESPONSE TO CRIME VICTIMIZATION 11 this manner following their release from treatment facilities with the intention of assisting them in developing into better members of society. As a general rule, it is urgent to ensure that anyone who has been the survivor of a wrongdoing gets equity, and we, as a general public, can accomplish that objective on the off chance that we comply with the right lawful methodology.

RESPONSE TO CRIME VICTIMIZATION 12 References Boateng, F. D., & Abess, G. (2017). Victims’ role in the criminal justice system: A statutory analysis of victims’ rights in US. International Journal of Police Science & Management, 19(4), 221-228. Campbell, R., Bybee, D., Kelley, K. D., Dworkin, E. R., & Patterson, D. (2012). The impact of sexual assault nurse examiner (SANE) program services on law enforcement investigational practices: A mediational analysis. Criminal Justice and Behavior, 39(2), 169-184. Daigle, L. E. (2017). Victimology: A text/reader (2nd ed.). Retrieved from https://content.ashford.edu/ Daigle, L. E., Johnson, L. M., Napper, S. L., & Azimi, A. M. (2016). Protective behavioral strategies while drinking: do they protect against sexual victimisation and is this protection gendered? Drug and alcohol review, 35(5), 573-579. Davis, R. C., & Ullman, S. E. (2013). The key contributions of family, friends, and neighbors. In R. C. Davis, A. J. Lurigio, & S. Herman (Eds.), Victims of crime (pp. 233-250). Retrieved from https://content.ashford.edu/ De Mesmaecker, Vicky. "Building social support for restorative justice through the media: is taking the victim perspective the most appropriate strategy?" Contemporary Justice Review 13, no. 3 (2010): 239-267. Hansen, N. B., Hansen, M., Nielsen, L. H., Bramsen, R. H., Elklit, A., & Campbell, R. (2018). Rape crimes: Are victims’ acute psychological distress and perceived social support

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RESPONSE TO CRIME VICTIMIZATION 13 associated with police case decision and victim willingness to participate in the investigation? Violence against women, 24(6), 684-696. Herman, S. (2013). Afterword. Looking forward: Redefining justice for victims of crime. In R. C. Davis, A. J. Lurigio, & S. Herman (Eds.), Victims of crime (pp. 233-250). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications, Inc. Retrieved from https://content.ashford.edu/ Irazola, S. P., Williamson, E. J., Niedzwiecki, E., Debus-Sherrill, S., & Sun, J. (2015). Keeping Victims Informed: Service Providers’ and Victims’ Experiences Using Automated Notification Systems. Violence and victims, 30(3), 533-544. Moylan, C. A. (2017). “I fear I’ma checkbox”: College and university victim advocates’ perspectives of campus rape reforms. Violence against women, 23(9), 1122-1139. Posick, C. (2014). Victimization and reporting to the police: The role of negative emotionality. Psychology of Violence, 4(2), 210-223. Siegel, L. J. (2010). Criminology: the core. Nelson Education.

Week 6 Assignment A Holistic Response to Crime Victimization

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