Ellis RCH 5301 Unit III

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Columbia Southern University *

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5301

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Sociology

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Jan 9, 2024

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Unit III Assignment Dedrick Ellis RCH 5301 Columbia Southern University

Introduction: As a male. I have always been since I was a child taught the rules of engagement when dealing with law enforcement. Keep both hands on the wheel, don’t make any sudden movement, respond calmly and with respect by addressing the officer as Sir or Ma’am. These rules can be frightening especially when they are stressed to you at an early age. The results of not following the rules have been evident and have been subliminally taught through our education system. As a child, I was not only told by my parents but history lessons also revealed the harsh punishments that were handed out to slaves who failed to obey or tired to run away. Policing in the United States has really received a bad rap. While I do know that there are some great law enforcement officers, there have been some cases that were publicized which portrayed officers as villains, thugs and power hungry monsters. I was a young adult, the famous Rodney King video surfaced, in more recent years, the viral videos of Tyre Nichols and George Floyd who were murdered at the hands of police have shifted the attitudes towards police. This is why the article Attitudes Towards Police and Weapon Carriage Among Adolescents intrigued me. In this assignment, the article will be critiqued based on the outlined elements as well as the self- completion questionnaire will be completed. Part I: Research Strategy Analysis and Sampling Assignment Purpose of the Study The researchers of this study, Mary Cunningham, Jennifer Cobbina, Chris Melde, Daniel Abad, Matthew Almanza, Jason Goldstick, Marc Zimmerman and Justin Helnze questioned whether the attitudes of adolescent towards the police factored into the epidemic we see of adolescents carrying concealed weapons. This study was prompted by the increased levels of violence and

homicides among youth especially those of African American decent. “Youth weapon carriage, particularly firearms is a persistent risk factor for injury and death (Carter et al,. 2013). This study seemed to expand the literature on modifiable factors associated with weapon carrying and to identify if attitudes towards police was a identifier. Target Population The target population is the group of individuals that the researchers want to study and is the most important portion of the design. In this study, the population that the researchers wanted to study were youth who were transitioning from elementary to middle school grades five through eight (5-8) in the Flint Michigan area. Rationale for Using a Quantitative Research Strategy The authors chose to use a quantitative research strategy because they wanted to measure and build on research that was started by other colleagues and networks surrounding this matter of significance. While these researchers had an idea of the attitudes of young black people towards the police, they wanted to know if that correlated to the increase in gun violence within that population. Public opinion and gaining a better understanding on the topic is a key component of Qualitative research method which is the rational for these researchers using this strategy. Research Design The authors used a case study research design where they tested the theory of attitudes towards police and its correlation to weapon carriage. They also used cross sectional research which has been effectively used in other studies relating to public opinion because they are relatively quick and easy to conduct.

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Analytical Approach The authors used a variety of statistical methods to analyze the data collected from the target population. Descriptive statistics were utilized to describe the sample and to summarize the data while Inferential statistics were utilized to test the hypotheses regarding the publics attitudes towards police. Data Collection Method The authors collected data from the 302 students out of the 730 eligible students. The researchers administered surveys to the students in a classroom setting to make sure that the collection process was uniformed and upheld IRB protocols. The surveys were completed within a forty five (45) minute class period. Sampling Design & Validity and Reliability The total sample included a mix of gender as well as racially and ethnically diverse participants. The age range was from ten (10 years old to fourteen (14) years old with the mean age range of eleven (11). Sixty (60) percent of the participants identified as Black, thirteen (13) percent identified as non Hispanic White, seventeen (17) percent were mixed race and a small percent identified as Native American, Asian or other racial/ethnic group. The authors wanted to ensure the validity and reliability of their data and used many methods to prove this. They used a well- designed survey instrument, along with trained administrators to conducted the data collection method. They also used a variety of statistical methods to check for bias in the data. Findings

The findings of this study were in line with what I stated in the opening paragraph, that Black American youth had a very unfavorable attitude towards the police. The shocking results showed that only fifteen (15) percent of the youth reported to ever carrying a weapon. These respondents did not differ by race or age and their attitudes towards the police were more negative then the others. The descriptive statistics showed that positive attitudes towards the police had a lower odd of weapon carriage. The hypothesis that attitudes towards police would be negatively associated with weapon carriage was confirmed. Areas in the Study that Were Well-Executed and Require Improvement This studies design and implementation was very thorough and insightful. The researchers had a well-designed, proven survey that gave the respondents the ability to answer directly and concisely. needed in an efficient and effective manner. The utilization of a trained administrators ensured that the collection method was done within protocol The authors could have improved their study by using a larger sample to include city schools and county schools. A larger sample would have given them more confidence in the results of their study. The authors could have also improved their study by using a more representative sample. The sample that they used was not perfectly representative of the population. Part II Problem to be Solved: I would like to assist my son by gathering data from his previous customers to develop and improve his marketing and business plan. Survey Questions:

How long have you been a customers of B & B Logistics? What services have you used? What made our services stand out from the competition? Would you recommend us to a family or friend? Demographic Questions: Age Gender Location Level of Scale Measurement: All of the questions listed above would fall under the Nominal level of measurement. Population of Interest: Previous customers of B & B Logistics Sampling Frame: Previous customers of B &B Logistics Sample Type Survey Distribution: In this age of technology, I think the best way to reach the target population is through a email or text questionnaire

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References Carter, P. M., Walton, M. A., Newton, M. F., Clery, M., Whiteside, L. K., Zimmerman, M. A., & Cunningham, R. M. (2013). Firearm Possession Among Adolescents Presenting to an Urban Emergency Department for Assault. Pediatrics. https://doi.org/10.1542/peds.2013-0163 Cunningham, M, Cobbina, J, Melde, C, Abad, D, Almanza, M, Goldstick, J, Zimmerman, M & Helnze, J. (2021). Attitudes Towards Police and Weapon Carriage Among Adolescents . Southern Criminal Justice Association

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