Homework 3

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Central Michigan University *

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Sociology

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Apr 3, 2024

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Homework 3 You want to investigate whether teenagers in England tend to read more Harry Potter books than teenagers in the United States. 1. Identify the populations in this study. 2. Identify the explanatory variable, and classify it as categorical or quantitative. 3. Identify the response variable, and classify it as categorical or quantitative. If you read a report that Hospital A has a higher mortality (death) rate than Hospital B when treating heart attack patients, it’s possible that the severity of the patient’s condition is a confounding variable. 4 and 5. Describe what it means for patient’s condition to be a confounding variable in this context. Be sure to indicate how this potential confounding variable could be related both to the explanatory and the response variable. Regarding Harry Potter Readers: 1. Populations in the study: a. England: Teenagers b. United States: Teenagers 2. Explanatory variable: a. The number of Harry Potter books read by teenagers. b. Classification: Quantitative (as it involves counting the number of books). 3. Response variable: a. Reading habits of teenagers (frequency or preference). b. Classification: Categorical (as it involves categories like reading habits).

Regarding the report on hospitals: 4. Patient's condition as a confounding variable: a. A confounding variable is an extra variable that influences the relationship between the response and explanatory variables but is not the primary focus of the investigation. 5. Relationship with explanatory and response variables: a. The severity of the patient's condition may be a complicating factor when examining hospital death rates. The apparent association between hospital and death rates may change if the severity of the ailment is not managed or considered. b. Hospital A may appear to have a greater death rate if, for instance, it treats more severe patients than Hospital B. The confounding variable, however, is the patient's severity of disease, which influences both the response variable (mortality rate) and the explanatory variable (hospital choice). c. To address this, scientists may employ statistical techniques to account for the severity of the patient's illness, guaranteeing a more precise evaluation of the connection between the hospital of choice and mortality rates.

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