Reading Questions - Family Theory 2

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Southern Utah University *

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4100

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Sociology

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Apr 3, 2024

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Reading Questions – Family Theory Part 2 This week’s reading went over Social Exchange Theory and Human Ecological Theory. Social Exchange Theory came out of centuries of philosophical discussion and is based on the idea that all human social relationships consist of valuable resources that are exchanged between the participants and that people will choose to maximize their reward. Social Exchange Theory consists of four basic assumptions: 1) People will act in their own best interest, 2) People make decisions based on the cost/reward of previous choices, 3) Humans are capable of analytical thought, and 4) People expect a level of fairness and reciprocity in the cost/reward of a relationship over time. In addition to evaluating relationships on the basis of reward minus cost equaling a profit, Social Exchange Theory discusses comparison, both between the relationship and expectation and between the relationships and other options, varying levels of dependence and commitment, and the expectation of reciprocity and fairness. Human Ecological Theory incorporates the idea of the sociality and dependence of humans on others that is the core of Social Exchange Theory, but primarily emphasizes the environment, or ecosystem, of the individual or system and the impact each have on the other. This theory came out of Darwin’s work and discusses roles an individual and system plays within the ecosystem, rippling outward from the individual to the entire society, ontogenetic development, or the changing of those roles over time, and natural selection and adaption. 1. One of the propositions of Human Ecological Theory is that when one member of a dyad undergoes developmental change, the other member of the dyad will also be likely to undergo change. When one undergoes change and the other resists that change, can Social Exchange Theory predict the outcome of this relationship as the cost/reward of the relationship has likely drastically changed?

2. Social Exchange Theory states that humans will always act according to receiving a reward. Is truly altruistic behavior possible then?

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