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Apr 3, 2024

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Article Summary Questions Learning Words: Children Disregard Some Pragmatic Information that Conflicts with Mutual Exclusivity (Jaswal & Hansen, 2006). For your write-up you should read the article carefully and address the following questions. 1) What specific research question was addressed in the study? Why is this question important? Do children tend to infer that when a speaker uses a new label, the label refers to an unlabeled object rather than one they already know the label for inference rejects a default assumption that words are mutually exclusive? Or does it instead reflect the result of a pragmatic reasoning process about what the speaker intended? This question is important because they are trying to find out two different studies and in the questions, they pointed out what they are specifically looking for and what they want to find out in these studies. 2) How was the study carried out? In a few sentences, describe the participants, what was measured, and how it was measured. Study 1: There are twenty-four 3 and 4 year olds participated in this study. Children were randomly assigned to one of the two conditions. One is the novel label condition or the pragmatic baseline condition. Each child will need to participate in six trails. The researcher will attract the children on one of their hand’s stuff and draw the other attention to the other object. Then they will put two items on the table and point at one of the items and tell the children to pick the right one and the researcher will see whether the child chooses the novel label condition or the pragmatic baseline condition. Study 2: There are thirty two 3 and 4 year old children participating in this study. This is similar to the first study but the researcher will make a pronounced shift in gaze direction toward the familiar object and the researcher will place his or her hand palm- up between the two objects and continue to look at the familiar object till children make their decision. 3) What were the main findings? In both of the studies, although the speaker’s unambiguous behavioral cue indicated an intent to refer to a familiar object, children inferred that the novel label referred to an unfamiliar object. Despite the speaker’s unambiguous behavioral cue indicating an intent to refer to a familiar object, the child referred to an unfamiliar object. 4) What were the implications of these results? (For example, how do these results contribute to our knowledge about this topic? How would these results be applied in the real world? The result showed that children expect words to be mutually exclusive even when a speaker provides some kinds of pragmatic evidence to the contrary. Which means for a children, they know that each object have different word and it won’t happen when there are two object with the same word.

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