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Nguyen 1 Vicki Nguyen Professor Celeste Ahl CBA 400 25 February 2024 Is It Ethical to Go Through Abortion? Abortion has been one of the most important issues in American society. The Supreme Court established Roe v. Wade in 1973 which granted women the Constitutional right to have an abortion. The Constitutional right to abortion is based on the “legal status and the freedom for women to have privacy” to have an abortion (Steinbock, 2024). According to Grant (2022), Roe v. Wade was reversed by the Supreme Court in June 2022. After June 2022, the court in each state can decide if a woman can have an abortion. The court now requires doctors to provide women information about the abortion procedure, the risks of having an abortion and childbirth, and the development of the embryo and the fetus. Most people believe that abortion is either morally right or wrong. According to Grant (2022), there are resources available to look up the pros and cons of having an abortion versus childbirth. After women review these resources about the abortion procedure, they have the right to decide if abortion is the right choice for them. This debate concerns the status of the fetus and the embryo as having the full rights of a full human being. Some people believe that abortion is morally right because they believe the fetus does not have any rights. In contrast, abortion can also be considered morally wrong because some people believe that the fetus is already a human being. The con of giving childbirth is that taking care of children makes mothers exhausted which affects human life. The three ethical models discussed in class will be used to analyze the dilemma and decide if it is morally right or wrong to go through an abortion.

Nguyen 2 When applying utilitarianism, women should keep their babies so the population can overall grow. The statement “respect the value of life from the womb to the tomb” (Dreilinger et al., 2023) highlights the importance of women keeping their babies. Women will have the opportunity to prevent human extinction and increase the population. The increase in population will improve the workplace by gaining productivity. If women decide not to keep their babies, then the population will decrease. The decrease in population will lead to the extinction of people over time. Additionally, low birth rates can affect the working environment. The lack of humans can lead to a shortage of workers, a lack of productivity, and a shortage of future families. For instance, Wesley and Peterson (2017) acknowledge that the “GDP per capita increases with more humans in the population.” The rise in GDP per capita will decrease mortality rates in low- income countries. Decreasing mortality rates can help the population become wealthier and have a better standard of living with an increase in productivity. In addition, there are less possibilities of finding a mate or marriage by being pro-abortion. Dreilinger et al. (2023) states, “if they have the procedure, they risk serious medical harm, depression and damnation.” to emphasize the danger of going through an abortion. Abortion can cause women to be depressed about the loss of their child. In addition, women can have health problems such as breast cancer and high blood pressure when going through an abortion procedure. Dreilinger et. al (2023) acknowledges that the doctors may not do the procedure the right way because a woman could die if something goes wrong. According to Varney (2023), women with religious beliefs consider “resisting abortion which will result in the notion of natural womanhood.” The notion of natural womanhood emphasizes the religious belief that God created women to support men during marriage. In this case, women will be treated more equally with their husband if they decide to raise a child because they followed

Nguyen 3 God’s commandment to give their baby life. The statement “getting pregnant is unthinkable among young ladies” (Seid et al., 2023) emphasizes that women are discouraged from having a baby as a single person. Duty-based ethics can be used in a pro-choice or anti-choice argument. When it comes to justice, women must take control of their bodies. In contrast, it would be unjust if women violate the rights of their babies by going through an abortion. Women have the power to determine if abortion is morally right or wrong because of their autonomy. Gray & Jones (2023) state, “liberty and agency are restricted” to emphasize the power of society to strictly ban abortion. If society strictly bans abortion, then women will not be able to decide whether or not if they want to keep their babies. With help from abortion care, women will strengthen their power to decide which option to go with. The beneficence within this choice is the possibility of keeping babies. To contribute to the family’s well-being, it is crucial for “mothers to provide care for their babies” (Gray & Jonas, 2023). If mothers decide not to keep their babies, the baby will not have a life. Unwanted babies can be put up for adoption. Furthermore, duty-based ethics in society would open more abortion clinics so women can easily determine which option is the best through the duty of nonmaleficence. The duty of nonmaleficence is violated if the society limits abortion care because it will harm the patients with health issues. Based on the duty of justice, society should not limit access to abortion clinics because there will not be an equal amount of support for women to decide the best option. For instance, limiting access to abortion clinics in North Carolina treats patients unequally. This leads to unethical practices in North Carolina. The four principles of duty-based ethics are autonomy, beneficence, nonmaleficence, and justice. We

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Nguyen 4 apply these principles to give women the power to determine if they should have an abortion or not. When discussing virtue-based ethics, it would be fairer if women decided to keep their babies. Abortion is a woman’s right and personal decision. If a person determines that abortion is wrong, then they are not going to get an abortion. If they do not mind killing their baby, then they will have an abortion. Abortion can happen based on women’s religion, beliefs, and background. If women come from a poor background, they might not be able to afford to raise a child. It is unethical and unjust to ban abortion for low-income women as they struggle with finances. Some women are forced to have an abortion even though they do not want to do it because they might not have enough money to purchase necessities such as food, shelter and water for their children. Hrenda-Roberts (1994) writes that it is unjust for only high-income women to have medical insurance. However, some Catholic and Christian women consider having an abortion as caring for a sick baby because they expect God to take care of the baby’s sickness in peace when the baby is in heaven. When abortion happens, the baby rests in peace with God “as an act of compassion, mercy, and love” (Varney, 2022). The dead body symbolizes the woman's caring relationship with God and their desire to be just. We learned from the three ethical models that some people can be either pro-abortion or pro-life in American society. The case Roe v. Wade in 1973 introduced the ethical dilemma about women’s rights to go through abortion. The right to go through an abortion is based on women’s freedom to choose at the stage of the fetus. Many individuals are concerned with the morality of abortion because they believe the fetus is a human being. This debate is mainly focusing on the status of the fetus and the embryo. I think abortion is the wrong thing to do because ending babies' lives can harm the entire population and affect women’s health. From an

Nguyen 5 anti-abortion position, women can help the society survive by increasing productivity, increasing more chances of getting married, and prevent the human population from going extinct. As the human population evolves overtime, the human fetus grows up to work and have a family.

Nguyen 6 References Dreilinger, D., Kramar, R., & Iskander, M. (2023, Jun 22). Anti-abortion pregnancy centers won: They're preparing for more babies. The Clarion Ledger Retrieved from http://csulb.idm.oclc.org/login?url=https://www.proquest.com/newspapers/anti-abortion- pregnancy-centers-won/docview/2828155553/se-2 Grant, M. G. (2022). “The Constitution does not confer a right to abortion.” MIT Technology Review, 125 (5), 24–27. Retrieved from http://csulb.idm.oclc.org/login?url=https://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx? direct=true&db=a9h&AN=158412719&site=ehost-live Gray, B., & Swartz, J. J. (2023). The ethics of abortion care advocacy — making exceptions to the rule. The New England Journal of Medicine, 389 (12), 1064-1066. doi: https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJMp2306450 . Hrenda-Roberts, L. (1994, Jul 30). Women shouldn’t be denied their right to have abortions: Depriving low-income women of access to abortion is unjust and morally repugnant. Philadelphia Inquirer Retrieved from http://csulb.idm.oclc.org/login?url=https://www.proquest.com/newspapers/women- shouldnt-be-denied-their-right-have/docview/1840725820/se-2 Kebede Y, Teshome F, Binu W, Kebede A, Seid A, Kasaye HK, Alemayehu YK, Tekalign W, Medhin G, Abera Y, Tadesse D, Gerbaba MJ. Structural, programmatic, and sociocultural intersectionality of gender influencing access-uptake of reproductive, maternal, and child health services in developing regions of Ethiopia: A qualitative study. PLoS One. 2023 Mar 7;18(3): e0282711. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0282711. PMID:

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Nguyen 7 36881602; PMCID: PMC10045587 . https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10045587/ Peterson, E. Wesley, F. (2017). The role of population in economic growth. Sage Pub, https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/full/10.1177/2158244017736094 Steinbock, B. (2024, Jan 19). Abortion. The Hastings Center . https://www.thehastingscenter.org/briefingbook/abortion/ Varney, S. (2023, Aug 10). Perspectives; abortion fight shifts to suffering caused by bans; would-be mothers -- and their grievous ordeals after being denied such rights -- become focus in court. Los Angeles Times, Retrieved from http://csulb.idm.oclc.org/login? url=https://www.proquest.com/newspapers/perspectives-abortion-fight-shifts-suffering/ docview/2848070496/se-2

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