3-1 Short Answer Responses

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Southern New Hampshire University *

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200

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Sociology

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Apr 3, 2024

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Module Three Question 1 In the textbox provided, brainstorm a list of keywords related to your topic. 1. Gender roles AND professionalism among professors 2. Workplace gender norms 3. College professors AND professionalism 4. College professors AND gender norms 5. Gender norms AND college campuses Module Three Question 2 Now type those keywords into an Internet search engine, such as Google. Spend some time looking through the results. In the textbox below, jot down the titles and hyperlinks of a few of the most interesting articles and websites that come up in your search. Write down at least one article and the corresponding hyperlink for each keyword or group of keywords. 1. https://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/EJ903580.pdf Women Faculty in Higher Education: A Case Study on Gender Bias 2. Gender bias in academia: a lifetime problem that needs solutions https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8553227/ 3. Schoolteaching, Professionalism, and Gender https://www.jstor.org/stable/23474608 4. Breaking Gender Stereotypes: Encouraging Participation in Non-Traditional Roles https://www.inclusionhub.com/articles/breaking-gender-stereotypes-encouraging- participation-in-non-traditional-roles 5. Workplace Climate Pushing Female Professors Out https://www.insidehighered.com/news/faculty-issues/diversity-equity/2023/10/24/ workplace-climate-pushing-women-out-professoriate Module Three Question 3 What are you finding? What new information have you learned about this issue? What new questions or thoughts do you have now that you have done some preliminary research? The conversation about professional standards and gender among college faculty and professors has been ongoing for decades from what I have read, at least as far back as the early 1970s with the Lamphere vs Brown class action sex-based discrimination lawsuit (Lamphere, 2012). There is also discussion about the rate at which women are leaving academia as a result of poor workplace climate and feeling "pushed out" as opposed to their

male counterparts (Spoon et al., 2023). This leads me to question the way that gender-based professional standards are impacting tenure-track professors based on gender and how these professional standards differ from each other for similarly qualified tenure track professors based on their gender. Lamphere, L. (2012, May 3). Becoming a squeaky wheel: Louise Lamphere, Ph.d. at tedxmosesbrownschool. YouTube. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=EJfj0N4IE-A Spoon, K., LaBerge, N., Wapman, K. H., Zhang, S., Morgan, A. C., Galesic, M., Fosdick, B. K., Larremore, D. B., & Clauset, A. (2023). Gender and retention patterns among U.S. faculty. Science Advances, 9(42). https://doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.adi2205 Module Three Question 4 Can you narrow your focus at all? If so, what do you wish to focus on? If you have a few options, what are they? (You don't necessarily need to narrow your focus. Mark found this helpful to do because his topic is very broad.) I want to focus on the ways that gender-based professional standards differ among tenure- track and tenured professors and how these standards have changed over the last 50 years since the Lamphere vs Brown lawsuit. Another option would be to focus on how these differing professional standards impact workplace climate and the diversity within different departments at state universities versus Ivy League universities. This would be helpful because my original topic was a bit broad and returned a lot of results. Module Three Question 5 Based on the broad search, refine the list of keywords that you created on the previous page. List here any keywords or keyword combinations that returned results that are relevant to your social science issue. Then, note which keywords or combinations you will no longer use, as they returned off-topic or overly broad results. Basically all of my keywords were too broad and returned way too many results to be helpful and so I won't be able to use them effectively. Some more focused keywords that have returned useful resources are: 1. Faculty attrition and women 2. Faculty attrition and gender differences 3. Faculty attrition and professional standards 4. Professional standards and gender differences 5. Lamphere vs Brown 6. Sex discrimination and higher education faculty and United States- this one was overly broad without the "United States" addition but adding it helped narrow down

the results significantly. Module Three Question 6 What professional organizations (other than social science organizations) might have relevant information about your issue? For example, someone researching war might utilize information provided by the United States Department of Defense. Find 1-2 organizations, and note them here. American Education Research Association is the first professional organization I have found that would help find resources as they put out several peer-reviewed publications and have an online paper repository which may help locate resources as well. Another possible organization would be the American Association of University Professors as they offer two very useful publications, Academe and Journal of Academic Freedom, as well as other resources on their website like the Faculty Compensation Survey. Module Three Question 7 Now select one of the digital libraries or organizations mentioned in this learning block (Shapiro Library, Google Scholar, etc.), and plug your keywords into that site. What credible sources come up in your search? Repeat this step with at least one more digital library/organization. In the textbox, type the titles of 6-8 of the most relevant results along with the corresponding hyperlinks so you can locate these resources later. Note which digital library/organization you used to find each study. From Google Scholar, I located these credible sources using my keywords:  Gender and retention patterns among U.S. faculty https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/sciadv.adi2205  Prying the gates wide open: academic freedom and gender equality at Brown University, 1974-1977 https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/00309230.2012.701220  Demographic Inertia and Women's Representation Among Faculty in Higher Education https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.1080/00221546.2002.11777161  Intersectional inequalities in science https://www.pnas.org/doi/abs/10.1073/pnas.2113067119  Survival Analysis of Faculty Retention in Science and Engineering by Gender https://www.science.org/doi/abs/10.1126/science.1214844 From the Shapiro Library, I located these credible resources using my keywords:  Dissatisfaction and Attrition Among Female Faculty in American Universities : An Analysis of the National Study of Postsecondary Faculty https://eds-p-ebscohost-

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com.ezproxy.snhu.edu/eds/detail/detail?vid=0&sid=8fe9682b-9e8b-4838-a027- ff5acc61ab1e%40redis&bdata=JnNpdGU9ZWRzLWxpdmUmc2NvcGU9c2l0ZQ %3d%3d#AN=634963&db=nlebk  Gender differences in faculty attrition in the USA. https://eds-p-ebscohost- com.ezproxy.snhu.edu/eds/detail/detail?vid=0&sid=9cf9beca-9efb-406e-90df- 1614f6f20373%40redis&bdata=JnNpdGU9ZWRzLWxpdmUmc2NvcGU9c2l0ZQ %3d%3d#AN=99637665&db=bsu  Career barriers influencing career success: A focus on academics' perceptions and experiences. https://eds-p-ebscohost-com.ezproxy.snhu.edu/eds/detail/detail? vid=0&sid=cbc8ff59-99e3-4648-8e14- c60ea68736c9%40redis&bdata=JnNpdGU9ZWRzLWxpdmUmc2NvcGU9c2l0ZQ %3d%3d#AN=2016-01965-005&db=psyh Module Three Question 8 Collect any information, links, articles, reports, or other resources that are relevant to your issue and capture this additional information in the text box below. Again, be sure to include links to your resources so you can easily locate them later. From the American Association of University Professors:  The Faculty Compensation Survey from AAUP https://www.aaup.org/our-work/research/FCS  https://data.aaup.org/academic-workforce/  https://data.aaup.org/ft-faculty-salary-equity-ratios/ From the American Association of University Women:  https://www.aauw.org/resources/article/fast-facts-academia/  https://www.aauw.org/resources/research/simple-truth/  https://www.aauw.org/resources/research/barrier-bias/  https://www.aauw.org/resources/article/gender-tracking-in-higher-ed/ From the American Education Research Association:  https://www.aera.net/Publications/Journals  https://www.aera.net/Publications/Online-Paper-Repository Module Three Question 9 Begin by noting the title of the resource and including a link to it. Is this source current? Note the publication date or a date indicating when the content was last updated.

Answer in complete sentences, being sure to include supporting evidence from your source to support your conclusions. Gender and retention patterns among U.S. faculty ( https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/sciadv.adi2205 ) Yes, this source is current as it was published in October 2023. Module Three Question 10 Is this source relevant? Note the portion of the text that you believe clearly relates to your research question. Consider whether this source provides an overview of the issue you are interested in, or whether it makes some specific important point. Yes, it is relevant. This source makes a specific important point about the attrition rate of women in academia noting that "women leave academia overall at higher rates than men at every career age, in large part because of strongly gendered attrition at lower-prestige institutions, in non-STEM fields, and among tenured faculty." (Spoon et al, 2023). This is relevant as it focuses on the point of gender impacting attrition rates at non Ivy League universities. Module Three Question 11 Is this source accurate? Note whether the source has been published in a peer-reviewed journal or credible organization, and the organization's name. Note whether the source includes a list of references and citations. Give your opinion on the source's presentation &dash; is it clear, organized, professional, and free of errors? Yes, this source is accurate. It was published in the peer-reviewed journal ScienceAdvances which is a publication from the American Association for the Advancement of Science. It includes an extensive list of scholarly sources and appears clear, organized, professional, and free of obvious errors. Module Three Question 12 Is this source authoritative? Note the author's credentials. If no author is given, note whether the publishing organization is credible, and the organization's name again.

Yes, the source is authoritative. All of the authors listed are either associated with the Department of Computer Sciences at the University of Colorado, Boulder, the Department of Applied Mathematics at the University of Colorado, Boulder, the Santa Fe Institute, the Department of Biostatistics and Informatics at the Colorado School of Public Health, or the BioFrontiers Institute, University of Colorado, Boulder. All of these organizations and institutes are reputable. Module Three Question 13 Are there any red flags that make you concerned that this source may not be scholarly? For example, are there any clearly biased passages? Are the references all very old? Are there many spelling and grammatical errors? Note any and all concerns you may have. No, there are no red flags that make me concerned regarding the scholarly nature of the source. There doesn't appear to be obvious bias in the research or findings. The references used are not out of date and are current enough to be relevant to the purpose of the study. There do not appear to be grammatical or spelling issues with this source that I could find.

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3-1 Short Answer Responses

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