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1 Annotated Bibliography: Rough Draft Kelsie A. Hilbert University of Maryland Global Campus WRTG 391 6374 Advanced Research Writing Olubunmi Oguntolu August 29, 2021

2 Brandt, A. L. S. (2012). Treatment of Persons with Mental Illness in the Criminal Justice System: A Literature Review. Journal of Offender Rehabilitation , 51 (8), 541–558. This article discusses the number of mentally disturbed prisoners in the criminal justice system and how it has increased greatly over the years. It also explains the causes of mental illness in the criminal justice system and describes the attention that is given that is not good enough, the effects of being in prison, and the problem of rehab. Patients in a mental health institution were asked a series of questions, the results showed that females had a more positive attitudes towards getting treatment, and therefore are more likely than men to seek treatment and use mental health services when they are offered to them. Although the number of African Americans and Hispanics are greater in the prison community, Caucasian prisoners are more likely to inform to a higher up that they have a mental illness than African American or Hispanic prisoners. Limitations to the law, such as switches to laws for mental health have made it harder for forced commitment of people with mental illness into a psychiatric institute. Laws regarding patient’s rights were reinforced and led to the most seriously mentally disturbed and only the most dangerous being committed, which left many others who may commit crimes and are a danger in the community. Effectively because of the changes in these laws, the mentally disturbed often will make their illness seem worse than it actually is in order to receive treatment and be taken seriously. I feel like this is a strong journal that goes over the facts of why there are more mentally ill patients in our jails and if they are getting the help they need. I would use and suggest this journal for a research paper. Melissa Thompson, & Melissa Thompson. (2010). Race, Gender, and the Social Construction of Mental Illness in the Criminal Justice System. Sociological Perspectives , 53 (1), 99–126. https://doi-org.ezproxy.umgc.edu/10.1525/sop.2010.53.1.99 This Article tests whether views of average defendants change the way psychiatric assessments in the criminal justice system are accomplished. The author believes that beliefs such as African Americans are criminals and women are mentally disturbed will change the courts views of why a defendant does the crime they do. The author gathered data from a large midwestern county to investigate the population, genetic, judicial, and mental illness predictors of which felony

3 defendants obtain a psychiatric assessment. The case study concluded that African Americans were almost %50 less likely to receive an evaluation than a non- African American while the gender did not make a difference in the numbers. The author stated that decision- makers make their decisions based on knowledge and labels that are learned throughout their careers. I believe this is a very strong research journal and the author does a great job at getting the research across. I would use this article in my research because of how well written it is, the tables of research and the notes included. Mulvey, P., & Larson, M. (2017). Identifying the Prevalence of Courses on Mental Illness in Criminal Justice Education. Journal of Criminal Justice Education , 28 (4), 542–558. https://doi- org.ezproxy.umgc.edu/10.1080/10511253.2016.1270342 This article is about people with mental disorders that require special review and specific care in the criminal justice system. Studies have shown the instances in which law enforcement come into contact with the mentally disturbed, the unique considerations made by courtrooms serving those with mental diseases, the over population in the jail environment, and the issues they go through when reentering the real world from being in jail. This author researched how many criminal justice curriculums offered classes dedicated to mental illness. They wanted to see how many people in the criminal justice field were specifically trained to deal with people with mental illnesses. Out of almost 650 criminal justice bachelor degree curriculums in the United States, only about 40 criminal justice curriculums offered a course on mental diseases in the criminal justice system. This equates to about 1 out of every 17 criminal justice program. This article does not focus on specifically how mental diseases in the criminal justice system is impacted however it does help us understand how law enforcement and others in the system are trained. Depending on what kind of research I was doing I would use this article as background knowledge for how the professionals are trained in the system. Ringhoff, D., Rapp, L., & Robst, J. (2012). The Criminalization Hypothesis: Practice and Policy Implications for Persons with Serious Mental Illness in the Criminal Justice System. Best Practice in Mental Health , 8 (2), 1–19.

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4 This article considers the connection between serious mental diseases and criminal conduct and considers whether medical care has done its job at reducing criminal conduct. In the 1970’s mental health facilities were running out of beds for patients so law enforcement began using criminal proceedings to manage people with mental diseases in the population because other mental health care were unavailable. The reason individuals with significant mental diseases are more likely to be detained and put into jail are vague. People with severe mental diseases are detained and put into jail for displaying psychiatric characteristics. Arrest rates were higher among people with mental diseases with prior hospitalizations than those with no prior arrests, but those previously accepted to psychiatric hospitals had arrest rates that were higher than those of the average population. Additionally, people with mental diseases that has no previous arrests had arrest rates comparable to those of the average population. The studies so far have found believable proof that there is a small link between mental diseases and crimes committed. With that being said getting mental health help alone is unlikely to decrease arrest rates a great amount. In my opinion this article has so much knowledge and research that I would use in my own research paper. It hits the head on the nail when it comes to figuring out mental diseases in the criminal justice system. The fact that it compares people with mental illness and those who do not and if treatment will really help keep them out of the system is perfect. Vogel, M., Stephens, K. D., & Siebels, D. (2014). Mental Illness and the Criminal Justice System. Sociology Compass , 8 (6), 627–638. https://doi-org.ezproxy.umgc.edu/10.1111/soc4.12174 This article discusses that the amount of mentally disturbed people in correction institutions have expanded over the past numerous decades, and there are currently more people with mental diseases in jail than there are in mental institutions. The author also discusses the reasons why mentally ill people have come to be over populated in the correction institutions and show the special challenges these population position for law enforcement. Finally, they go over many current modifications in strategy and procedure that may help lessen that load of law enforcement engagement on the mentally disturbed criminals. Mental health training would improve law enforcement’s capability to acknowledge mental health problems and suggest

5 referrals for help, instead of putting all the mentally disturbed in the prison system. I know in my area we have a behavioral unit specifically for those who have mental illnesses and they are homeless or are frequent 911 callers. The deputies give them resources and check in with them to help them avoid going to jail. I do not think I would use this article for my research as it is less of a research journal and more of statement of facts. It would be a good basic foundation of knowledge to know when starting research in this category. I do think the journal is good stating all the background history for mental health and why things are the way they are today.

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