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Isabel Mowers Article Summaries 3 CRIM 3301.0W1 03/21/2022 Article 1 Vandiver, D. M., Braithwaite, J., & Stafford, M. C. (2019). An assessment of recidivism of female sexual offenders: Comparing recidivists to non-recidivists over multiple years. American Journal of Criminal Justice : AJCJ, 44 (2), 211-229. Research Question: Do women sexual offenders have high rates of recidivism? Methods: The authors collected their data, including demographic information of the offender and victim, from The Texas Department of Public Safety’s sex offender list. The sample included only female offenders from the dates of 1991, when the sex offender registry was created, to 2015. The authors of the study first utilized descriptive statistics to examine the re-arrests of the 471 female convicts, then used effect-size statistics to interpret the comparisons of recidivism. Key Findings: It was found that approximately fifty-two percent of female sexual offenders had at least one re-arrest after their initial arrest that led to their registration on the sex offender registry. Only nine percent of the female sexual offenders who were re-arrested had been re-arrested for violent crimes that were not related to sexual violence. The researchers discovered that female sexual offenders had higher instances of recidivism among non violent crimes than violent crimes. Significance: Studying recidivism in criminal behavior offers a gateway to better rehabilitation implementation.

Isabel Mowers Article Summaries 3 CRIM 3301.0W1 03/21/2022 The stigma around female offenders must be broken down and further researched in order to break recidivism habits.

Isabel Mowers Article Summaries 3 CRIM 3301.0W1 03/21/2022 Article 2 Citation: Dean, G., & Gottschalk, P. (2011). Continuum of police crime: An empirical study of court cases. International Journal of Police Science & Management, 13 (1), 16. Research Question: Are the studies of police crimes an effective method for civilian review boards to utilize in their fight against police aberrance? Methods: The researchers implemented a retrospective matrix design to categorize police deviance, and then gathered court documents related to persecuted police officials according to these categories. The sample included 60 prosecuted police officers who had trials in Norway between 2005 and 2010. The researchers conducted their analysis by means of individuals, not court cases; they analyzed the officer on trial not the court case as there may be an overlap of cases due to appeals. Key Findings: The study found that there were twelve cases of a police officer using an opportunistic approach to their job; they use their position as a police officer to leak confidential information to friends and family. Two cases showed the manipulation of results, such as speed testing results. The majority of cases were categorized as police misconduct, which included excessive violence and dangerous driving while working. Significance:

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Isabel Mowers Article Summaries 3 CRIM 3301.0W1 03/21/2022 Police officers are in highly respected positions and must be role models in the criminal justice system. Studies such as the one summarized above provide vital information to civilian review boards, as they can take the data and work to better the rates of police deviance.

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