Research Plan and Comparative Perspectives Outline

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Southern New Hampshire University *

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Sociology

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Feb 20, 2024

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1 Nikie Bodenbender Southern New Hampshire University SOC 317 Steven Smith January 21, 2024 Research Plan and Comparative Perspectives Outline

2 Research Plan: Key Search Terms 1. technology impact on parenting 2. social media parenting challenges 3. parenting in the digital age 4. Social media effects on child development 5. digital parenting tips 6. technology and family relationships Key Resources: 1. Modecki, K. L., Goldberg, R. E., Wisniewski, P., & Orben, A. (2022). What Is Digital Parenting? A Systematic Review of Past Measurement and Blueprint for the Future. Perspectives on Psychological Science, 17(6), 1673–1691. https://doi- org.ezproxy.snhu.edu/10.1177/17456916211072458 2. Lanigan, J. D., Bold, M., & Chenoweth, L. (2009). Computers in the family context: Perceived impact on family time and relationships. Family Science Review, 14(1), 16-32. https://www.familyscienceassociation.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/07/2009-14- 1-Computers-in-the-family-context-perceived-impact-on-family-time-and- relationships_Jane_Lanigan.pdf 3. Yardi, S., & Bruckman, A. (2011, May). Social and technical challenges in parenting teens' social media use. In Proceedings of the SIGCHI conference on

3 human factors in computing systems (pp. 3237-3246). https://dl-acm- org.ezproxy.snhu.edu/doi/pdf/10.1145/1978942.1979422 4. O'Keeffe, G. S., & Clarke-Pearson, K. (2011). The impact of social media on children, adolescents, and families. Pediatrics , 127 (4), 800-804. https://publications.aap.org/pediatrics/article/127/4/800/65133/The-Impact-of- Social-Media-on-Children-Adolescents?autologincheck=redirected These resources can provide insights into how technology and social media influence parenting, offering information on challenges, strategies, and tips for navigating the digital landscape while raising children. They may cover topics like screen time management, online safety, communication with children about technology, and the broader impact of digital tools on family dynamics. Comparative Perspectives Outline : A. The county outside of the United States that I will be focusing on in this article will be England. In England, the cultural norm of valuing privacy and maintaining a sense of propriety might be relevant when considering social media's influence on parenting. Discussions around how families navigate sharing aspects of their personal lives online while upholding these cultural norms could be an important aspect to explore. Balancing the use of technology with traditional values related to privacy and family life may be a significant consideration for parents in England. B. The presence of technology and social media in parenting is likely to share similarities between England and the United States, given the global nature of digital trends. “Rates of smartphone ownership are comparatively similar, however, with

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4 around 25% of children 8-11 years (8-12 years in the US), and close to 70% of older teenage children owning a smartphone in both countries. Thus, the available data suggest that children’s access to computers and digital devices is broadly similar in the UK and the US, though there are diverging patterns with respect to ownership of, but not access to, tablets in these countries. Decisions parents make in relation to children’s screen time and use of technology reflect and intersect with national regulations and guidance, which may lead to cross-national differences. There are no notable differences in the regulatory framework governing access to, and use of, the internet and technology in both countries. Public concern about the negative impact of children’s use of the internet and technology has been prominent in the UK and the US, but the UK, unlike the US, does not have official medical guidelines on the time children should spend in screen-based activities” (Mullan & Hofferth, 2021). C. There are several social variables and disparities within the United States influence the impact of technology and social media on parenting: 1. Socioeconomic Status (SES): Disparities in access to technology and digital resources can affect how parents from different socioeconomic backgrounds engage with digital parenting. Higher SES families might have more resources for educational apps or devices, influencing how technology is integrated into parenting practices (Mollborn, et.al., 2022). 2. Racial and Ethnic Disparities: Cultural differences among racial and ethnic groups may shape attitudes toward technology and social media. Understanding how diverse communities perceive and navigate digital parenting is crucial for addressing disparities.

5 3. Geographic Disparities: Rural and urban disparities in internet access and infrastructure can affect how families in different regions engage with technology. Rural areas may face challenges related to limited internet connectivity, impacting the adoption of certain digital parenting practices (Turcios, 2023). 4. Education Levels: Educational disparities can influence parents' understanding of the benefits and risks associated with technology. Higher levels of education may correlate with better-informed decisions regarding screen time management and online safety. Understanding these social variables is essential for policymakers, educators, and technology developers to tailor interventions and support systems that address the diverse needs of families in the United States. D. The familiar trend of technology and social media's influence on parenting can have negative impacts on modern families, including: 1. Screen Time and Health Concerns: Excessive screen time, often facilitated by technology and social media, can contribute to sedentary lifestyles and health issues, particularly among children. The American Academy of Pediatrics recommends limited screen time to promote physical well-being (AAP, 2023). Example: Increased screen time leading to a sedentary lifestyle may contribute to concerns such as childhood obesity and related health issues. 2. Online Safety Risks: The digital landscape poses risks such as cyberbullying, online predators, and exposure to inappropriate content. Parents must navigate the challenges of keeping their children safe in the online environment. Example:

6 Instances of cyberbullying or online harassment affecting children's mental well- being and social relationships. 3. Parent-Child Communication Challenges: Overreliance on digital communication may lead to decreased face-to-face interactions within families. This can hinder effective communication and emotional connection between parents and children. Example: Diminished quality time spent together due to individual family members engaging more with their devices than with each other. 4. Impact on Mental Health: Constant exposure to social media can contribute to feelings of inadequacy, stress, and anxiety, both for parents and children. Social comparison and the pressure to present an idealized family life online can negatively impact mental health. Example: Parents feeling pressured to meet societal expectations based on curated representations of family life on social media, leading to increased stress. 5. Privacy Concerns: Sharing personal information online can compromise family privacy. Parents may unintentionally expose their children to potential risks by oversharing on social media platforms. Example: Posting detailed information about children's routines or locations, which may pose a privacy risk. E. The influence of technology and social media on parenting has significant implications for various social institutions. Education System: Example : Positive Influence - Educational apps and online resources enhance learning experiences for children. Certain Platforms offer interactive educational content, supporting both formal and informal learning. Negative Influence - Increased screen time and distractions from social media can

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7 contribute to lower attention spans and potentially impact academic performance. Teachers may need to address challenges arising from excessive use of technology in the classroom. Healthcare System: Example: Positive Influence – “Telemedicine technology has access to various treatment options, including primary care consultations, psychotherapy, physical therapy, and many more. It provides treatment through the use of wireless technologies such as laptops and smartphones” (Haleem, et.al., 2021). Negative Influence - Misinformation on social media platforms can influence healthcare decisions. Parents may encounter inaccurate health advice online, affecting their choices regarding vaccinations, treatments, or parenting practices. Workplace: Example: Positive Influence - Remote work options supported by technology promote work-life balance for parents. Flexible schedules and digital collaboration tools facilitate a more adaptable approach to balancing career and family responsibilities. Negative Influence - Constant connectivity through digital devices may lead to challenges in setting boundaries between work and family time. Parents may experience increased stress as they navigate the demands of both spheres through digital channels. F. The presence of the trend of technology and social media's influence on parenting can vary across different subcultures. Several factors contribute to these variations, including cultural values, access to technology, and the level of integration of digital tools into daily life. It can manifest itself similarly in high-tech and urban subcultures. Families in these contexts may be early adopters of technology, utilizing digital tools extensively in parenting practices. It can manifest differently in religious and

8 traditional subcultures. Religious or traditional subcultures may exhibit a range of attitudes toward technology. Some may fully embrace digital tools, while others might maintain a more reserved approach, limiting exposure to certain aspects of the digital landscape.

9 References: American Academy of Pediatrics, (2023), Scree time guidelines. https://www.aap.org/en/patient-care/media-and-children/center-of-excellence-on- social-media-and-youth-mental-health/social-media-and-youth-mental-health-q-and- a-portal/middle-childhood/middle-childhood-questions/screen-time-guidelines/ Haleem A, Javaid M, Singh RP, Suman R. (2021), Telemedicine for healthcare: Capabilities, features, barriers, and applications. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8590973/#:~:text=Telemedicine %20technology%20has%20access%20to,such%20as%20laptops%20and %20smartphones. Mollborn S, Limburg A, Pace J, Fomby P. (2022), Family socioeconomic status and children's screen time. J M arriage Fam. Aug;84(4):1129-1151. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9541918/ Mullan, K., Hofferth, S.L. (2021), A Comparative Time-Diary Analysis of UK and US Children’s Screen Time and Device Use. Child Ind Res 15, 795–818. https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s12187-021-09884-3#citeas Turcios, (2023), Digital access: A super determinant of Health, SAMHSA. https://www.samhsa.gov/blog/digital-access-super-determinant-health

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