ARA21

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Arizona State University *

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101

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Sociology

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Feb 20, 2024

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Cla ssi fica tio n: Sch wa b Int ern al ARA21 1. In your own words, what are ‘Qualia’? Qualia refers to subjective, individual experiences that we have, such as the taste of chocolate, or the color red. These are both experiences that cannot be fully explained by physical processes or objective facts because they are both subjective and personal. 2. On page 2 of ‘The Qualia Problem’ Jackson gives an argument that concludes “Therefore, knowing all this is not knowing everything about Fred. It follows that Physicalism leaves something out.” To the best of your ability, put this argument in premise conclusion form. P1: Physicalism claims that all facts, including facts about the mind, can be explained by physical facts. P2: Even if we know all the physical facts about Fred, we do not know what it is like for Fred to experience a particular sensation. C: Therefore, knowing all this is not knowing everything about Fred. It follows that Physicalism leaves something out. 3. In your own words, explain the ‘hard problem of consciousness’ and what makes it a hard problem according to Chalmers. The hard problem of consciousness as proposed by Chalmers is the problem of explaining why and how we have subjective experiences. These are difficult because it involves subjective experiences, which are not easily measured or observed. 4. Is Chalmers a materialist/physicalist or a dualist of some kind? Quote the text and include a reference in support of your answer. Chalmers is not a physicalist; he is a dualist. He believes that consciousness is not physical processes in the brain. “ To account for conscious experience, we need an extra ingredient in the explanation. This makes for a challenge to those who are serious about the hard problem of consciousness: What is your extra ingredient, and why should that account for conscious experience?” (Chalmers, pg.232).

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