chapters 11 and 12 assignment C (1)

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Abigail Cates Both Chapters 11 and 12 continue with crosstabs from Chapter 10. Each question is worth 5 points. Chapter 11 In the following exercise, you are going to consider the relationship between two variables in your ADVENTURES file having to do with opinions about sex education in the public schools and whether marijuana should be legal (SEXEDUC and GRASS), both of which can technically be examined as the “cause” and as the “effect.” In other words, both variables can be considered either the independent or dependent variable. You are going to do two analyses using each one as the independent. Make sure you know which is which! 1. Construct a hypothesis in which SEXEDUC is the independent variable and GRASS is the dependent variable. Remember which one comes first in the sentence. If you are having trouble with how to write a hypothesis, try completing this sentence (but leave out the text inside the parentheses): “People who think ______ (about the independent variable) are more likely to think_______(about the dependent variable) than people who think ______ (about the independent variable).” Write your hypothesis here: I hypothesis that people who favor having sex education being taught in public schools will also favor marijuana being made legal more than those opposed to sex education being taught in public school. 2. Test your hypothesis by running crosstabs. Remember to turn on your column percentages! Copy and paste your output here: 3. Analyze your findings in written form. Does your hypothesis seem to be true? Is there a relationship between the variables? Remember, based on the hypothesis you wrote above, you are comparing the two groups in your independent variable, so your analysis should be to

compare the two percentages across a single row in your crosstab. You are not comparing numbers up and down a column, and nor are you comparing numbers diagonally. The same is true for all of the other crosstabs in this assignment. There is a correlation between the two variables, as the table demonstrates, with those who hold more liberal opinions regarding sex education being more likely to be in favor of legalizing marijuana. The majority of those who favor legalizing marijuana also favor sex education in public schools, as the table demonstrates. The majority of those opposed to marijuana legalization also oppose sex education in public schools, as the table demonstrates. 4. Now construct a hypothesis in which GRASS is the independent variable and SEXEDUC is the dependent variable. Write your hypothesis here, following the same format as I gave you in question 1: People who support the legalization of marijuana will be more likely to support sex education in the public schools compared to those who don’t support the legalization of marijuana. 5. Test your hypothesis by running crosstabs. Remember to turn on your column percentages! Copy and paste your output here: 6. Analyze your findings in written form. Does your hypothesis seem to be true? Is there a relationship between the variables? People who favor legalizing marijuana are more likely to support sex education in public schools, as the crosstabs table demonstrates. The majority of those who favor legalizing marijuana also favor sex education in public schools. The majority of those opposed to marijuana legalization also oppose sex education in public schools, as the table shows. Now let’s compare DOG and CAT owners. I’m hoping this will really drive home how this all works. Remember that what you are comparing is the groups inside the independent variable and to do that you need to compare only across one row of the crosstab!

7. Construct a hypothesis in which CAT is the independent variable and DOG is the dependent variable. Write your hypothesis here: I hypothesis that people who have a cat are more likely to have a dog as well compared to those who only have a cat. 8. Test your hypothesis by running crosstabs. Remember to turn on your column percentages! Copy and paste your output here: 9. Analyze your findings in written form. Does your hypothesis seem to be true? Is there a relationship between the variables? People who have a cat are more likely to have a dog as well, as the table demonstrates. The majority of those who have a cat also have a dog compared to people who only have a cat. But the majority of people have only a dog compared to those who only have a cat. 10. Now construct a hypothesis in which DOG is the independent variable and CAT is the dependent variable. Write your hypothesis here: I hypothesis that people who have only a dog are not as likely to have a cat as well compared to those who only have a dog. 11. Test your hypothesis by running crosstabs. Remember to turn on your column percentages! Copy and paste your output here:

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12. Analyze your findings in written form. Does your hypothesis seem to be true? Is there a relationship between the variables? People who have a dog are less likely to have a cat as well, as the table demonstrates. The majority of those who have a dog less than those who have a cat and dog. But the is significantly more people who have only a dog compared to those who only have a cat. Chapter 12 For these questions you are going to use the three variables PILLOK, SEXEDUC, and TEENSEX, to look at what characteristics make people permissive or not about teen sex. This is going to involve doing some recoding, so review Chapter 7 if you don’t remember how. You are also going to have to set some missing values differently. If you don’t know how to do this, review over page 55 in your book. First, make sure the missing values for SEXEDUC are 3 to 9 with the discrete value being 0. Do the same for TEENSEX making the range 5 to 9 with the discrete value being 0. If you don’t do this step first, the other answers below are going to come out wrong. 13. Recode PILLOK to create PILLREC. 1 to 2 should become 1. 3 to 4 should become 2. Everything else should be system missing. Afterwards, label the new 1s as Permissive and the new 2s as Restrictive. 14. Recode TEENSEX as TEENREC. 3 to 4 should become 1. 1 to 2 should be come 2. Everything else should be system missing. Afterwards, label the new 1s as Permissive and the new 2s as Restrictive. 15. You do not have to Recode SEXEDUC, but you do need to Relabel SEXEDUC as 1 – Permissive (favor) and 2 – Restrictive (oppose). In variable view, you’ll remove the old labels and add these new ones. 16. Run crosstabs with SEX as the independent variable for each of the three variables you are working with. This will produce three crosstabs. Using those three, fill in the table below. Percentage Who Are Permissive Toward Issues Concerning Teen Sexual Behavior Men Women PILLREC 42.5% 34.6% SEXEDUC 89.6% 92.8% TEENREC 28% 22.2% 17. What do the column percentages in this table tell you about the strength of the relationship between gender and permissiveness toward teen sex? In other words, what is the epsilon for each of the three?

The epsilon for PILLREC is 7.9 meaning that more men than women believe teenagers should have birth control. SEXEDUC has an epsilon of only 3.2 where slightly more women believe sex education should be taught in public schools. TEENREC has an epsilon of 5.8 showing that more men than women think it is okay for teens to have sex before marriage. Overall, males tend to be more permissive to teen sex than women do. 18. Now, instead of SEX, run crosstabs for all three variables with FEFAM as the independent variable. This will again create three crosstabs. Use those three to fill in the table below. Percentage Who Are Permissive Toward Issues Concerning Teen Sexual Behavior FEFAM: Better for Men to Work, Women to Tend Home Strongly Agree Agree Disagree Strongly Disagree PILLREC 47.7% 52.5% 38.5% 24.8% SEXEDUC 78.4% 80.8% 94.4% 97% TEENREC 14.9% 17% 22.2% 36.9% 19. What do the percentages in this table tell you about the strength of the relationship between attitudes about family/sex roles and permissiveness toward teen sex? Make sure you mention the epsilon for all three variables, PILLREC, SEXEDUC, and TEENREC in your answer. The epsilon of PILLREC is 27.7 suggesting that there is a large gap of people who think it is better for men to work and women to stay home also think teenagers should have birth control. The epsilon of SEXEDUC is 18.6 displaying that people who think it is better for men to work and women to stay home strongly disagree that sex education should be taught in public schools compared to those who do. Finaly, the epsilon of TEENREC is 22 showing that there is another large gap between people who think it is better for men to work and women to stay home who strongly disagree that it is acceptable for teens to have sex before marriage than those who think it is acceptable. Overall, a majority of people do not approve of teens having sex or being educated about sex but think they should have access to birthcontrol.

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