Incarceration notes

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Toronto Metropolitan University *

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301

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Sociology

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Feb 20, 2024

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- Individuals, families, groups, and communities are served by social workers, who are professionals that work with clients to improve their individual and collective well-being. They frequently work in multidisciplinary teams to provide services, share resources, improve conditions, and create opportunities for personal growth, recovery, and development. - “While women may face similar circumstances, their experiences of womanhood remain profoundly shaped by race, gender and class and produce different forms of subjectivities and embodied selves” (Dastile & Agozino, 2019, p.21) - Acknowledging ethnic orientation is valuable to highlight differences among women and some ethnic groups, and also to validate the women’s self-hood (Dastile & Agozino, 2019, p.21). - The goal of describing women's identities here is not to emphasise the characteristics they share, nor to dehumanise these women, but rather to highlight the significance of these various ethnic identities and belief systems, which may have played a role in their criminal trajectories ( Dastile & Agozino, 2019, p.23). - “Incarcerated women shift positions, which has an impact on their modes of survival and indicates the extent to which histories of racialized-gendered-class inequalities severely affected their survival and that of their children. The location of their birthplaces cannot be the only precursor for involvement in incarceration. Numerous lived circumstances intersect, leading to trajectories to deviance and incarceration. It is therefore important to demystify and disrupt existing identity constructions about incarcerated women, in order to avoid viewing certain forms of behaviour as abnormal and in need of treatment and the interiorization of women in correctional centres” (Dastile & Agozino, 2019, p.31). - “The Canadian government and its institutions are responsible for the death, abuse, and theft of Indigenous peoples’ land, language, bodies, cultural items, and knowledge” (McGuire & Murdoch, 2022). - “The Indian Act’s regulations and imposed identity provisions have disempowered generations of Indigenous women leading to identity issues, shame, and cultural losses that have exacerbated their already precarious position within Canadian society” (McGuire & Murdoch, 2022). - “Indigenous women’s histories may impact their ability to navigate incarceration and the pains of imprisonment, which contributes to their high rates of self-harm (FSIW accounted for nearly 46% of all self-harm incidents in 2017–2018) and attempted suicide (Indigenous federally sentenced prisoners accounted for 39% of all suicide attempts in 2017–2018) while incarcerated” (McGuire & Murdoch, 2022). - “Instead of offering resources and teachings in close proximity to their home nations that would reconnect them to their nations, CSC offers a generic Indigeneity that pushes their cultural identities to the sidelines, and introduces, and forces, a state-imposed version of Indigeneity” (McGuire & Murdoch, 2022). - FSIW = federally sentenced Indigenous women - CSC = Correctional Service Canada - Decolonization of prisons means more than simply Indigenizing spaces by adding more Indigenous workers within the prison system . It also means more than simply accommodating Indigenous peoples by implementing cultural components to the system (Asadullah et al., 2022) .

- Full autonomy is important for regaining control and power, rather than the current Western system exerting power over Indigenous systems in the form of funding and imposed policies (Asadullah et al., 2022) .

Asadullah, M., Cortez, C., Holding, G., Said, H., Smith, J., Schick, K., Mudyara, K., Korchak, M., Kimber, N., Shawush, N., & Dyck, S. (2022). Decolonization and Justice: An Introductory Overview. In opentextbooks.uregina.ca . University of Regina Pressbooks. https://opentextbooks.uregina.ca/decolonizingjustice/ Dastile, N. P., & Agozino, B. (2019). Decolonizing incarcerated women’s identities through the lens of prison abolitionism. South African Crime Quarterly , (68), 21–32. https://doi.org/10.17159/2413-3108/2019/v0n68a5622 McGuire, M. M., & Murdoch, D. J. (2021). (in)-justice: An exploration of the dehumanization, victimization, criminalization, and over-incarceration of Indigenous Women in Canada. Punishment & Society , 24 (4), 529–550. https://doi.org/10.1177/14624745211001685

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