4-2 SOC 324 current and past research

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Marquita Alexander 4-2 Review of Current and Past Research SOC 324 2/5/24 Annotated Bibliography Martin, M. S., Colman, I., Simpson, A. I. F., & McKenzie, K. (2013, October 29). Mental health screening tools in correctional institutions: a systematic review. BMC Psychiatry. https://bmcpsychiatry.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/1471-244X-13-275 The method of screening new inmates is described in the article Mental health screening instruments in correctional institutions: a comprehensive review. It also describes how convicts with mental illnesses interact with prison regulations and how they differ from members of the general public. This article's objective is to develop more effective techniques for detecting mental illness in prisoners both before they are admitted to jail and during their entire sentence. Mundt, A. P., & Baranyi, G. (2020, July 27). The Unhappy Mental Health Triad: Comorbid Severe Mental Illnesses, Personality Disorders, and Substance Use Disorders in Prison Populations. Frontiers. https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpsyt.2020.00804/full .
The article "Comorbid Mental Health Triad: Unhappy" The various mental health conditions that prisoners may experience are covered in Severe Mental Illnesses, Personality Disorders, and Substance Use Disorders in Prison Populations. Substance use disorder, personality disorders, and serious mental illnesses are the three topics that are covered. The goal of this research is to develop a method to identify which of the three an inmate may possess. The various therapy choices that can be made available depending on the mental disease will be aided by this new method. It will also assist in determining if the prisoner should be reintegrated into society at large. Al-Rousan, T., Rubenstein, L., Sieleni, B., Deol, H., & Wallace, R. B. (2017, April 20). Inside the nation's largest mental health institution: a prevalence study in a state prison system. BMC Public Health. https://bmcpublichealth.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12889-017-4257-0 . The overcrowding in prisons owing to mental illness is explained in the article Inside the nation's largest mental health institution: a prevalence study in a state prison system. It claims that compared to the general community, two to four times as many prisoners suffer from mental illness. It also claims that the number of patients with severe mental illness outside of mental hospitals is ten times higher. This study demonstrates the ways in which state prisons deal with the "burden of mental illness in a state prison."
Fazel, S., Hayes, A. J., Bartellas, K., Clerici, M., & Trestman, R. (2016, September). Mental health of prisoners: prevalence, adverse outcomes, and interventions. The Lancet Psychiatry. https://www.thelancet.com/journals/lanpsy/article/PIIS2215-0366(16)30142-0/fulltext . The rates of aggression, victimization, suicide, and risk factors associated with inmates with mental illness in the prison system are explained in the article Mental health of prisoners: prevalence, unfavorable outcomes, and solutions. It offers data on the ages, genders, and conditions of the prisoners. It describes in full the medical, psychological, and physical care that jails provide to convicts who suffer from mental illness. Raphelson, S. (2017, November 30). How The Loss Of U.S. Psychiatric Hospitals Led To A Mental Health Crisis. NPR. https://www.npr.org/2017/11/30/567477160/how-the-loss-of-u-s-psychiatric-hospitals-led-to-a- mental-health-crisis . The rationale behind deinstitutionalization and the ways in which the rise in the number of beds filled in state mental hospitals influenced this development are discussed in the article How The Loss Of U.S. Psychiatric Hospitals Caused A Mental Health Crisis. It also covers the price of housing and mental health care. It talks on the rise in mental health problems and the decline in health insurance coverage.
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St. John, T. (2016, August 8). Why America’s Largest Mental Health Institutions are Prisons and Jails. Arundel Lodge. https://www.arundellodge.org/why-americas-largest-mental-health-institutions-are-prisons-and- jails/ . In order for the government to lower the number of mental patients, deinstitutionalization occurred in the 1960s and 1970s, as explained in the article Why America's Largest Mental Health Institutions are Prisons and Jails. Patients were consequently forced to forgo treatment, which led to their incarceration. Additionally, it describes the history of jails serving as psychiatric hospitals, going all the way back to the 1700s. Outline Position Statement: * An individual does not always belong in jail or prison merely because they suffer from a mental disease. Mentally ill people do not necessarily commit violent crimes. *Mentally ill prisoners may occasionally be rehabilitated. Medication, therapy, and medical attention can all be helpful to certain people.
Stereotypes *Mentally ill prisoners cannot be rehabilitated; they are more violent and problematic than the general public. - This statement may not always be accurate, as certain prisoners suffering from mental illnesses may find it difficult to understand the regulations due to the symptoms they encounter. *Mentally ill people can be violent and dangerous - Not everyone who struggles with mental illness is violent or dangerous. - There is a fear associated with mental illness because most individuals do not have much knowledge about it. *People with mental health issues are people that came from bad backgrounds. - Adolescence is not usually the cause of mental disease. Although certain illnesses are brought on by events in the patient's life, this is not always the case. - Depending on the type of mental disease, a chemical imbalance or, in rare cases, an actual brain tumor may be the reason.
- Mental illness can manifest at any point in a person's life, with symptoms occasionally appearing as early as childhood or even much later in life. Social Change *Documentaries on TV - People now have a greater awareness of mental illness in both regular and prison settings thanks to the abundance of documentaries available on various television networks and streaming services. - The Definition of Insanity is one PBS documentary that describes how the insanity plea operates at sentencing. It illustrates an alternative to jail for individuals with mental illness and the steps public officials take to ensure their clients receive the assistance they require. *News Media Journalists have done investigations into the
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care of inmates with mental illness in prisons. Nicholas Kristof from the NY Times wrote and article about his visit to a jail in Chicago. For the article he interviewed workers in the jail, inmates, and the sheriff. He also got a first hand view of the conditions of the inmates. - Investigative journalism has been done on the treatment of mentally ill prisoners. The New York Times' Nicholas Kristof wrote a piece about his visit to a Chicago jail. He
conducted interviews with the sheriff, prisoners, and jail staff for the piece. Additionally, he saw the conditions of the prisoners firsthand. On the other hand some news forums put a negative spin on mentally ill inmates. They can make them to look like “monsters” instead of the reality of their Disorder - On the other hand some news forums put a negative spin on mentally ill inmates. They can make them to look like “monsters” instead of the reality of their disorder. *Movies
- Documentaries and new media sources may suffer from movie release. Certain films, like Split and One Hour Photo, portray those suffering from mental illness as evil without providing an explanation of the illness itself. They are merely designed to startle rather than to convey the truth, which may mislead people about mental illness. - There are more films that depict the truth about mental illness and the struggles that its sufferers face. These films give viewers a more realistic, if not totally accurate, picture of the symptoms associated with mental illness. *History - Back in the 1700s, mental illness was viewed as a curse or demonic possession - In the 1800s, treatment options began to become available for mental illness which continued to progress over the decades. - In the mid 1900s, people with mental illness were put in mental health hospitals. The treatment in these hospitals varied from medication to electroshock therapy to lobotomies.
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- By 1970, mental health hospitals were overpopulated, and the government began the deinstitutionalization process. Patients were released on their own recognizance and hospitals were closed. - People with mental illnesses were left without treatment due to the shortage of facilities, and as a result, they would commit crimes and go to jail. According to the jail administrator quoted in Kristof's essay, some inmates would commit a crime merely to be sent to jail in order to receive their prescription. References: Al-Rousan, T., Rubenstein, L., Sieleni, B., Deol, H., & Wallace, R. B. (2017, April 20). Inside the nation's largest mental health institution: a prevalence study in a state prison system.
BMC Public Health. https://bmcpublichealth.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12889-017-4257-0 . Fazel, S., Hayes, A. J., Bartellas, K., Clerici, M., & Trestman, R. (2016, September). Mental health of prisoners: prevalence, adverse outcomes, and interventions. The Lancet Psychiatry. https://www.thelancet.com/journals/lanpsy/article/PIIS2215-0366(16)30142-0/fulltext . .Martin, M. S., Colman, I., Simpson, A. I. F., & McKenzie, K. (2013, October 29). Mental health screening tools in correctional institutions: a systematic review. BMC Psychiatry. https://bmcpsychiatry.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/1471-244X-13-275 . Mundt, A. P., & Baranyi, G. (2020, July 27). The Unhappy Mental Health Triad: Comorbid Severe Mental Illnesses, Personality Disorders, and Substance Use Disorders in Prison Populations. Frontiers. https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpsyt.2020.00804/full . Raphelson, S. (2017, November 30). How The Loss Of U.S. Psychiatric Hospitals Led To A Mental Health Crisis. NPR. https://www.npr.org/2017/11/30/567477160/how-the-loss-of-u-s-psychiatric-hospitals-led-to-a- mental-health-crisis .
St. John, T. (2016, August 8). Why America’s Largest Mental Health Institutions are Prisons andJails. Arundel Lodge. https://www.arundellodge.org/why-americas-largest-mental-health-institutions-are-prisons-and- jails/ . Martin, M. S., Colman, I., Simpson, A. I. F., & McKenzie, K. (2013,
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October 29). Mental health screening tools in correctional institutions: a systematic review. BMC Psychiatry. https:// bmcpsychiatry.biomedce ntral.com/articles/ 10.1186/1471-244X-13- 275