CMRJ515 Final

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School

American Public University *

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515

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Sociology

Date

Feb 20, 2024

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docx

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Uploaded by alexis21195

Question 1 (25 points) Assess the scope and effectiveness of extraterritorial legislation as it relates to the prosecution of sex tourists. While legislation exists to prosecute individuals who take part in the child sex tourism trade, the efficiency of the legislation and the actions of those who enforce it are seriously lacking. When it comes to the responsibilities that entities have in enforcing the protection of human rights, the entities, whether a state, country, or organization like the United Nations, tend to stick within the territory that their jurisdiction falls within (Fisher, 2014). This means that the actions of individuals who take part in sex tourism outside of the entity’s jurisdiction manage to evade prosecution because the authorities look the other way. With that being said, the countries within the United Nations have been making it a point to work on the legislation that would allow for extradition for those who participate in child sex tourism and escape prosecution while traveling. Having extradition legislation allows for authorities to prosecute travelers who have left the country before they could be prosecuted by local law enforcement for engaging in child sex tourism by recalling them back from their home country back to the country that they committed the offenses in for prosecution. In order for this to be effective against sex tourism, the entities that are responsible for upholding the legislation must act on every instance of violation that occurs. Authorities cannot look the other way, allowing their citizens to get away with criminal acts against children just because they were in another jurisdiction while committing the actions. Another piece of legislation that have been enacted in order to combat the child sex tourism trade and hold those involved accountable is the UN Convention on the Rights of the Child along with its Optional Protocol (Fischer, 2014) that were developed while the world’s awareness of child sex tourism and the exploitation of children was being advertised so that the different governments in the world would take action to

protect the children. Again, these actions made progress in helping the children of the world, however there is still much work to be done to be able to bring the trade to an end while holding those involved responsible for their actions due to the jurisdictional puzzle that authorities must work through. Fisher, D. I. (2014). The Progression of International Law in Fostering the Extraterritorial Prosecution of Child Sex Tourist Offences. In International Law and Changing Perceptions of Security (pp. 106–115). BRILL. https://doi.org/10.1163/9789004274587_008 Question 2 (25 points) Assess the impact of the Internet Crimes Against Children Task Force. How successful are they are reducing these types of crime? Throughout the United States there are a number of Internet Crimes Against Children Task Forces working to protect children from being exploited online and arresting the individuals who are responsible for doing so. These task forces have been successful in the removal of child pornography from the internet, finding and arresting predators who have created and distributed the child pornography and committed other criminal acts against children, and gathering the evidence needed in order to gain the convictions of these individuals in court to prevent the offenders from harming children again. An example of just how successful these task forces are in the United States is the work that was accomplished by the Idaho Internet Crimes Against Children Task Force had achieved in its first year being operational. In the first year that the task force was operational, the individuals working on the force had made 19 arrests and referred 57 cases to prosecutors (IDAHO INTERNET CRIMES

AGAINST CHILDREN TASK FORCE REPORTS SUCCESSFUL FIRST YEAR, WELCOMES CANYON COUNTY PROSECUTING ATTORNEY'S OFFICE, 2009). Going to Wyoming, the task force there had such a successful year in 2004 that the individuals on the force were awarded the IACP/ChoicePoint Excellence in Criminal Investigations Award (Wyoming Internet Crimes Against Children Task Force Garners Excellence in Criminal Investigations Award, 2004). Throughout the entire country, ICAC task forces have been putting forth such tremendous efforts and making a difference in the lives of children that the government has even made it a point to make sure that the task forces are given generous budgets to work with every year so that their equipment stays up to date and they have the funding needed to ensure that predators are being pulled from the streets of our country. IDAHO INTERNET CRIMES AGAINST CHILDREN TASK FORCE REPORTS SUCCESSFUL FIRST YEAR, WELCOMES CANYON COUNTY PROSECUTING ATTORNEY'S OFFICE. (2009, Jan 12). US Fed News Service, Including US State News http://ezproxy.apus.edu/login?qurl=https%3A%2F %2Fwww.proquest.com%2Fwire-feeds%2Fidaho-internet- crimes-against-children-task-force%2Fdocview %2F470665811%2Fse-2%3Faccountid%3D8289 Wyoming Internet Crimes Against Children Task Force Garners Excellence in Criminal Investigations Award. (2004, Nov 16). PR Newswire http://ezproxy.apus.edu/login?qurl=https%3A %2F%2Fwww.proquest.com%2Fwire-feeds%2Fwyoming- internet-crimes-against-children-task%2Fdocview %2F447118994%2Fse-2%3Faccountid%3D8289 Question 3 (25 points) Discuss the difficulties with interviewing the victims of child- sexual victimization cases. What should professionals do to ensure the validity of any testimony collected?

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Interviewing children who have been subjected to sexual abuse is something that investigators have to go about delicately. The children are already in a vulnerable position, as they have been taken advantage of in the most severe of ways possible, and now they are being subjected to having to explain what has happened to them to complete strangers, forcing them to have to relive the experiences all over again. Not only that, but there is no way for the children to know for sure that they are safe from any consequences of telling their story and outing the ones who are responsible for hurting them, especially if the individuals that are responsible are people who should be taking care of the children, such as family members. Depending on the age of the children, they may not be able to fully understand why it is important to be forthcoming with investigators or understand what has happened to them. If they are older, they may not want to work with investigators because they may not believe that they can help them, or they may believe that there is no point in cooperating. Sometimes the children may even want to protect the people that have hurt them or subjected them to sexual abuse because they have been groomed by the individual or it is someone that the child trusts even though they have been wronged by them. When it comes to the interviewer ensuring that the information that they are gaining from the children is valid, it comes down to the techniques that are used to interview the children and the rapport that is built (Lewin, 1995). It is important for the interviewer to be careful with the wording of the questions that are being asked so that there is no confusion or leading the children to any conclusions rather than allowing the children to recall what has happened to them. Using indirect reference points to gain a sense of time or place such as television shows (Lewin, 1995) can help with the validity of the details for the interviewer while avoiding the confusion that comes with trying to tie down an exact time through measurements.

Lewin, Linda,R.N., M.S. (1995). Interviewing the Young Child Sexual Abuse Victim. Journal of Psychosocial Nursing & Mental Health Services, 33(7), 5-10. http://ezproxy.apus.edu/login? qurl=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.proquest.com%2Fscholarly- journals%2Finterviewing-young-child-sexual-abuse-victim %2Fdocview%2F1024301526%2Fse-2%3Faccountid%3D8289 Question 4 (25 points) Assess our government's progress in battling sexual exploitation of children. If you were to give them a report card what would the grade be and why? The battle against child sexual exploitation in the United States has been a long, hard one that is still running rampant. Though there have been many efforts by the United States government to gain the upper hand against the offenders who have victimized the children within our country, the efforts that have been made are simply not enough. Small successes with things like the Internet Crimes Against Children Task Forces and enforcement of legislation that ensures that child offenders are prosecuted to the full extent of the law for their actions do not change the fact that there is a growing population within society that finds it acceptable to take advantage of the youth that they should be protecting at all costs because they are our future. If I were to grade our government, I would give them a D because there are efforts that have been made that have shown some promise but there are still so many people who just look the other way while children are going missing and being exploited throughout the country. There have been numerous studies conducted to analyze the effectiveness of the legislation that the United States has to combat the exploitation of children and out of them multiple have failed to come to any conclusions that the legislation has been beneficial and there has yet to be a way to calculate just how many children are

actually affected by sexual exploitation (Franchino-Olsen et. al., 2022). Franchino-Olsen, H., Chesworth, B. R., Boyle, C., Rizo, C. F., Martin, S. L., Jordan, B., Macy, R. J., & Stevens, L. (2022). The Prevalence of Sex Trafficking of Children and Adolescents in the United States: A Scoping Review. Trauma, Violence, & Abuse, 23(1), 182–195. https://doi.org/10.1177/1524838020933873

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