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Summary 1 The selected reading, Health and the Human Body explores how societal influences shape our Health and body image. Eating disorders such as anorexia and bulimia are profoundly affected by cultural context. Fashion magazines frequently present thin models as ideals of beauty, leading to unrealistic body image perceptions among women. Cultural factors combined with easy access to fast food contribute to an environment conducive to eating disorders and obesity; both conditions share their roots deeply within society and culture. Dieting disorders and obesity have not always been widespread over time, suggesting they are socially constructed rather than biologically determined. This theory is supported by their being stratified according to gender, class, race, and ethnicity (Derenne and Beresin, 2006). The social class gradient in Health is another critical consideration, where socioeconomic resources play an integral part. People with higher levels of education, income, and assets tend to suffer less from various health issues compared with their disadvantaged counterparts. Healthy People 2020's main objective is to "achieve health equity, eliminate disparities, and improve the health of all groups," with particular attention paid to socioeconomic resources and race disparities (U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, 2010). Furthermore, readings explore the sociology of the body, which investigates how our bodies are influenced by social experiences as well as norms and values within groups we belong to - specifically how obesity and eating disorders have become prevalent throughout Western society - along with social dimensions of illness that include class, race and gender influences which affect Health. Summary 2 The article "Distance to Store Urban Food Deserts" by Bonnie Ghosh-Dastidar et al. examines the relationship between access to food stores, food prices, and obesity in low-income, predominantly African-American neighborhoods. The study, part of the Pittsburgh Hill/Homewood Research on Eating, Shopping, and Health (PHRESH), involved interviews with 1,372 households and audits of 16 stores where the participants reported doing their major food shopping. One of the key findings was the positive association between distance to stores and food prices with obesity. When both distance and prices were considered together, only prices remained a significant predictor of obesity, with higher prices indicating a lower likelihood of obesity (Ghosh-Dastidar et al., p. 20-21). Interestingly, low- and high-price stores did not differ in the availability of products but significantly differed in their display and marketing of junk foods relative to healthy foods. This suggests that simply placing supermarkets in food deserts may not be as crucial as offering better prices for healthy foods, actively marketing them, and enabling consumers to resist junk food marketing (Ghosh-Dastidar et al., p. 25). The study also explored the characteristics of low-price versus high-price stores. It was found that low-price stores had fewer displays to promote healthy foods than high-price stores, and junk foods were more visible in low-price stores. This might influence the purchasing decisions of low-income shoppers, leading to higher obesity rates among those who shop at low-price stores (Ghosh-Dastidar et al., p. 861-862).In conclusion, the research highlights the complex interplay of store pricing, marketing strategies, and consumer behavior in the context of urban food deserts. It challenges the assumption that access to supermarkets alone can mitigate obesity in low-income areas,

emphasizing the need for a multifaceted approach that includes pricing strategies and marketing practices (Ghosh-Dastidar et al., p. 1160-1163) PART II Who determines what counts as a sport? Berger considers three criteria that define sports: physical activity, competition, and an institutional structure with standardized rules and regulations (Berger, p. 43). However, Berger also points out the contested nature of this definition, particularly regarding disability sports, such as wheelchair basketball, that meet these criteria but are often marginalized due to societal bias (Berger, pp 67-68). Berger's Main Argue About Wheelchair Basketball Berger argues for the legitimacy of wheelchair basketball as a sport, emphasizing its fulfillment of all criteria necessary to be considered one. However, disability sports like wheelchair basketball often receive inferior treatment due to perceptions about disability in society. This marginalization speaks volumes about attitudes toward people with disabilities as a group while challenging conventional notions of athleticism and physical ability (Berger, 50-51; 64). What Is Ableism? Ableism, according to Berger, can be defined as discrimination based on disability - presuming certain people and bodies are "normal." In contrast, others appear abnormal or inferior based on social norms and expectations. Understanding Ableism helps illuminate some of the challenges faced by athletes participating in disability sports. Berger shows how athletes in disability sports, particularly at elite levels, challenge conventional notions of physicality and associated expectations, directly confronting Ableism (Berger, p. 104-105). Furthermore, Berger's insights in "Hoops and Wheels" reveal the complexity of recognizing wheelchair basketball as an official sport. He explored how perceptions of ability and disability affect understanding and acceptance of sports played by individuals with disabilities. This discussion not only challenges ableist perspectives prevalent in society but also highlights the resilience and athleticism of wheelchair basketball players, thus challenging and reframing traditional ideas about sport and physical ability.

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