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1 Social Structure Theories to Female Offenders Student's Name Institutional Affiliation Course Name and Number Instructors Name Date

2 Social Structure Theories to Female Offenders Social structure theories are of two types: social disorganization, which explains the result of some social characteristics of urban neighborhoods that contribute to high crime rates. The characteristics include poverty, population turnover, population density, and dilapidation. The second type is anomie, described by Merton as mostly experienced by the poor (University of Minnesota, 2016). There is a high crime rate due to a gap between cultural emphasis on economic advancement and the inability to achieve such success through working legitimately (University of Minnesota, 2016). The two theories explain Beth's case more explicitly from the experience of her home to that of the neighborhood. In social organization, Beth had seen her parents' marriage disorganized through divorce at a very young age, leaving her without a father figure (Watts & McNulty, 2013). Her conscience was offended as she thought her mother's behavior of having numerous boyfriends was normal. This gave in to Beth being sexually molested by one of her mother's boyfriends. Moreover, from the anomie perspective, the fact that Beth was from a low-class neighborhood explains her engagement in criminal activities because, as a single mother, her mother could not afford her needs. So Beth had to find a way. This allowed her to be a rule- breaker and have problems with the police to the extent she was taken to juvenile detention. Extreme straining resulted from the desire to succeed and the inability to be economically successful (Agnew, 2017). As a result, Beth resorted to ways she thought were cheaper to gain economic freedom. Cultural theory puts more strain on females expecting highly even for single mothers from poor minorities who are consistently looking for mates, as Beth's mother had many boyfriends despite them abusing her (Storey, 2018). This makes the females like Beth concentrate on meeting their basic demands like stress relievers through abusing hard drugs and

3 being lonely as she was considered in school (University of Minnesota, 2016). This is also explained by the general strain theory, where the circumstances around her life affected her cognitive ability, behavior, and emotional well-being resulting in her engaging in crime. A strength of the theory is its ability to create order and predictability in society, as explained by Beth getting arrested for criminal offenses. As a result, a connection is achieved through a webbed pattern of social relationships (Watts & McNulty, 2013). However, it does not give room for the less fortunate and poor members of society to explain their cause. Beth has a limited desire for American Dream because of her background. She competes with society to meet basic needs.

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4 References Agnew, R. (2017). General Strain Theory: Current Status and Directions for Further Research. In Taking stock (pp. 101-123). https://doi.org/ 10.4324/9781315130620-4 Storey, J. (2018). Cultural theory and popular culture: An introduction . Routledge. University of Minnesota. (2016, March 25). 8.4 explaining crime – Social problems . https://open.lib.umn.edu/socialproblems/chapter/8-4-explaining-crime/ Watts, S. J., & McNulty, T. L. (2013). Childhood Abuse and Criminal Behavior: Testing a General Strain Theory Model. Journal of interpersonal violence , 28 (15), 3023-3040. https://doi.org/10.1177/0886260513488696

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