Annotated Bibliography first 4 Sources

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1 Annotated Bibliography: Women of Color and their Persistent Struggle Against Pay Disparities Student Name Affiliation Course Professor Name Date

2 Blog 4: Annotated Bibliography: Women of Color and their Persistent Struggle Against Pay Disparities This second annotated bibliography explores the persistent struggle against pay disparities, focusing on women of color. Together, these studies contribute to a complete understanding of the various factors that influence pay disparities and discrimination against women, particularly those from marginalized backgrounds. The annotated bibliography aims to provide valuable insights into the complex challenges surrounding pay equity, offering diverse perspectives that collectively enhance our comprehension of the issues at hand. Bowles, H. R., Babcock, L., & Lai, L. (2007). Social incentives for gender differences in the propensity to initiate negotiations: Sometimes it does hurt to ask. Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes, 103(1), 84-103. In this article, Bowles et al. explore gender differences in the willingness to initiate negotiations. The authors conducted four experiments that demonstrated how men and women face differential treatment when negotiating for higher compensation. Female candidates were penalized more than males for initiating negotiations, and this bias was observed in evaluations by both male and female participants. The study suggests that perceptions of niceness and demandingness contribute to resistance against female negotiators. The relevance to the research paper lies in its insights into gender dynamics in negotiation scenarios, offering valuable context for understanding gender-related challenges in the workplace. Hayes, J., & Mason, C. N. (2021). IWPR women’s priorities and economic impact survey. Institute for Women’s Policy Research.

3 This article by Hayes and Mason presents findings from a survey conducted by the Institute for Women’s Policy Research (IWPR) on women's economic concerns and policy priorities for the new Administration and Congress. It emphasizes the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on women, especially those in hardest-hit sectors. The survey highlights women's top priorities, including healthcare, economic recovery, and job creation. The relevance to the research paper is evident in the insights it provides into the economic challenges faced by women, particularly in the context of the pandemic, offering valuable data for understanding the priorities of women in the workforce. Litman, L., Robinson, J., Rosen, Z., Rosenzweig, C., Waxman, J., & Bates, L. M. (2020). The persistence of pay inequality: The gender pay gap in an anonymous online labor market. PloS one, 15(2), e0229383. In this source, Litman et al. investigate the gender pay gap in an anonymous online labor market, using data from CloudResearch. The study, involving over 22,000 workers, reveals a 10.5% gender pay gap, even in an environment characterized by anonymity and homogeneous work. The study suggests that factors such as task selection contribute to the pay gap, emphasizing the need to explore alternative mechanisms. The relevance to the research paper lies in its contribution to understanding persistent pay inequality, especially in online labor markets, and the need to address underlying causes beyond overt discrimination and labor segregation. Reese, L. A., & Warner, B. (2012). Pay equity in the states: An analysis of the gender-pay gap in the public sector. Review of Public Personnel Administration, 32(4), 312-331. This source analyzes gender-based pay adjustments made by states over the past 25 years and their impact on women's relative pay in the public sector. Using EEO-4 data, the authors find

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4 that states with major pay adjustments in female-dominated job classes experienced a significant improvement in women's relative pay. The study also highlights regional differences, indicating that women are better paid relative to men in the public sector, especially in traditionalistic states. The relevance to the research paper lies in its focus on the public sector and its contribution to understanding the effectiveness of pay adjustments in addressing gender pay gaps. References

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