Final Project Proposal- impact of HIVAIDS on WOMEN AND GIRLS in Africa (4)

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Final Project Proposal: Impact of HIV/AIDS on Women and Girls in Africa Name: Erlanda Joseph Department Course: HSA4113 RVC 1231 Professor: Dr. Joseph Brown Date

1 Introduction to the Problem Problem to be addressed : HIV/AIDS is not a new phenomenon in Africa. The problem to be addressed in this proposal is the impact of HIV/AIDS in Africa. As stated by WHO, Africa is the most affected region by the HIV epidemic, accounting for over two-thirds of the global total of people living with HIV (WHO, 2022). The region also has the highest HIV prevalence among adults. In addition, HIV is the main cause of mortality in the area, making it a significant danger to the health of millions of children. The impact of HIV/AIDS in Africa is not limited to just the health sector; it also has significant social and economic consequences, affecting the development and well-being of individuals, families, and communities. Problem subtopic : (disproportionate impact of HIV/AIDS on females in Africa). In Africa, the effects of HIV and AIDS are not felt equally across all communities; nonetheless, the illness has a disproportionately negative impact on African women and girls. According to UNAIDS (2022), as of the year 2022, women and girls were responsible for sixty percent of all newly diagnosed cases of HIV in sub-Saharan Africa. In addition, there is a greater likelihood that women and girls may get infected at an earlier age. They also have a much-increased risk of encountering obstacles while attempting to get access to HIV testing, prevention, or treatment programs. In Africa, the intersectionality of gender and HIV/AIDS is a complicated problem that is impacted by a range of variables, such as socioeconomic situation, education level, cultural norms, and stigma. Possible Causes and Maintaining Forces Cause (one: Socioeconomic Factors): Socioeconomic factors contribute significantly to the high rates of HIV/AIDS in Africa (Igulot & Magadi, 2018). These factors often lead to a lack

2 of resources and information, making it more difficult for individuals to protect themselves from infection and access treatment if they do become infected. Additionally, individuals living in poverty may be more likely to engage in high-risk behaviors, such as unprotected sex or drug use, that increase the likelihood of contracting HIV. Cause (two: Gender Inequalities): Gender inequalities and discrimination against women and girls also play a significant role in the disproportionate impact of HIV/AIDS in Africa. Females are more likely to be infected with HIV because of their limited access to education and healthcare, as well as their lack of autonomy and decision-making power in sexual and reproductive matters (Klaas et al., 2018). They may also be at a higher risk of infection due to gender-based violence and coerced sex. Why the problem persists : Limited access to HIV testing and treatment continues to be a key challenge in addressing the HIV/AIDS epidemic in Africa. Many individuals living in remote or rural areas may not have access to testing and treatment facilities, and even if they do, they may not have the resources to pay for them (Ortblad et al., 2019). Additionally, there may be a lack of trained healthcare workers and stigma surrounding HIV/AIDS that can prevent individuals from seeking testing and treatment. Why the problem persists : Stigma and discrimination surrounding HIV/AIDS continue to be major barriers to addressing the epidemic in Africa. Individuals living with HIV/AIDS may face discrimination in their communities and workplaces, which can prevent them from disclosing their status and accessing services (Twinomugisha et al., 2020). Additionally, there may be a lack of knowledge and understanding about HIV/AIDS and how it is transmitted, leading to misinformation and further stigmatization.

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3 Background and Justification Prior attempts and previously proposed solutions : In the past, various attempts have been made to address the issue of HIV/AIDS in Africa, particularly its disproportionate impact on women and girls. The "3 by 5" campaign, which was initiated in 2003 by WHO, was one of the most important initiatives ever undertaken. By the end of the year 2005, the goal of this initiative was to make antiretroviral medication (ART) accessible to 3 million HIV-positive individuals living in developing nations (Whiteside & Lee, 2005). While the campaign was successful in increasing access to ART in many countries, it fell short of its overall target due to a lack of funding and other logistical challenges. Also noteworthy is President Bush's announcement of PEPFAR (the U.S. President's Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief). PEPFAR has provided funding for HIV prevention, care, and treatment programs in more than 50 countries, including many in Africa. However, PEPFAR has been criticized for its focus on abstinence-only education and its lack of attention to structural issues such as poverty and gender inequality that enhance the spread of the condition. In addition to these large-scale initiatives, many African countries have also developed their own national HIV/AIDS strategies with varying degrees of success. For example, Botswana has been praised for its comprehensive approach to HIV/AIDS, which includes widespread testing and treatment, as well as efforts to reduce stigma and discrimination. On the other hand, some countries, such as South Africa, have struggled to effectively implement their HIV/AIDS programs due to political and economic challenges (Whiteside & Lee, 2005). Deficiencies in the solution paradigm: However, despite these efforts, the problem persists, and the number of new HIV infections among women and girls continues to rise. One deficiency in the current solution paradigm is a lack of focus on addressing underlying societal

4 issues that contribute to the spread of HIV/AIDS, such as gender inequality and lack of access to healthcare for women (World Health Organization, 2022). Additionally, there is often a lack of attention paid to the specific needs and experiences of women and girls in HIV/AIDS prevention and treatment efforts. Another deficiency is a lack of integration and coordination among various organizations and initiatives, leading to a fragmented approach that may not effectively address all aspects of the problem. Furthermore, there is a lack of long-term, sustainable solutions that address the root causes of HIV/AIDS in Africa, and many programs are underfunded (World Health Organization, 2022). Overall, there is a need for a comprehensive, multidisciplinary approach that addresses the socioeconomic and cultural factors that contribute to the disproportionate impact of HIV/AIDS on women and girls in Africa and that is specifically tailored to the unique needs and experiences of this population. Newly Proposed Deliverable Deliverable overview : This project aims to raise awareness of HIV/AIDS and the effects it has on women and girls in Africa. In order to address these deficiencies, I propose creating a visually engaging infographic for a social media campaign aimed at raising awareness of HIV/AIDS and its impact on women and girls in Africa. I will research other artists who have created infographics that show how HIV/AIDS affects women and girls in Africa. I will also produce an infographic on the effects of HIV/AIDS on women and girls in Africa as part of a social media campaign to raise awareness of the disease. Four main ideas will serve as the framework for the infographic: overview, Impact in Africa, Impact on women and girls, and recommendations.

5 Significance to the student : As a student, I believe that it is important to raise awareness about HIV/AIDS, especially in Africa, where the disease has a particularly devastating impact on women and girls. By creating this infographic, I hope to contribute to efforts to combat the disease and improve the lives of those affected by it. Target audience : The target audience for this infographic will be the general public, particularly those in Africa and those who are interested in HIV/AIDS and its impact on women and girls. External dissemination platform : The infographic will be shared on social media platforms, such as Facebook, Instagram, and Twitter, as well as on other online platforms, such as websites and blogs. Proposed length and justification : The infographic will be one page long, as this is the most effective length for an infographic that is to be shared on social media. The one-page length will also make it easy for people to view and understand. Supplemental material : I may create additional materials to supplement the infographic, such as a brochure or a video, depending on the resources and time available. These materials will provide more detailed information on HIV/AIDS and its impact on women and girls in Africa. Evaluation The goal of the new deliverable : The goal of this new deliverable is to create awareness of HIV/AIDS and the effects it has on women and girls in Africa through the creation of an infographic for a social media campaign.

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6 Success outcome measures : Success will be measured through engagement with the infographic on social media, as well as feedback from the target audience on the effectiveness of the infographic in raising awareness and understanding of the impact of HIV/AIDS on women and girls in Africa. Enhancement of global awareness: The infographic will be designed to raise awareness of the impact of HIV/AIDS on women and girls in Africa. The infographic will provide a visual representation of the statistics and information, making it easy for the audience to understand and retain the information. Through the use of statistics, data visualization, and storytelling, the infographic will aim to educate the public about the severity of the issue and the ways in which it affects women and girls specifically. By raising awareness of the issue, the infographic will also aim to encourage people to take action in support of HIV/AIDS care and prevention efforts. Additionally, by sharing the infographic on social media and other external platforms, we aim to reach a wider audience and increase the visibility of the issue. Enhancement of global perspective-taking : The infographic will also aim to enhance global perspective-taking by providing a window into the experiences of women and girls living with HIV/AIDS in Africa. By highlighting the unique challenges and barriers they face, the infographic will aim to encourage empathy and understanding among its audience and to promote a more inclusive and equitable global response to the HIV/AIDS epidemic. Additionally, by providing information on the actions that can be taken to support those affected by HIV/AIDS in Africa, the infographic will aim to inspire individuals to take action to make a positive impact. Overall, the infographic will be a powerful tool for raising awareness, educating the public, and encouraging action in support of HIV/AIDS prevention and care efforts, particularly for women and girls in Africa.

7 References Igulot, P., & Magadi, M. A. (2018). Socioeconomic Status and Vulnerability to HIV Infection in Uganda: Evidence from Multilevel Modelling of AIDS Indicator Survey Data. AIDS Research and Treatment , 2018 , 1–15. https://doi.org/10.1155/2018/7812146 Klaas, N. E., Thupayagale-Tshweneagae, G., & Makua, T. P. (2018). The role of gender in the spread of HIV and AIDS among farmworkers in South Africa. African Journal of Primary Health Care & Family Medicine , 10 (1). https://doi.org/10.4102/phcfm.v10i1.1668 Ortblad, K. F., Baeten, J. M., Cherutich, P., Wamicwe, J. N., & Wasserheit, J. N. (2019). The arc of HIV epidemics in sub-Saharan Africa. Current Opinion in HIV and AIDS , 14 (5), 354– 365. https://doi.org/10.1097/coh.0000000000000569 Twinomugisha, B., Ottemöller, F. G., & Daniel, M. (2020). Exploring HIV-Related Stigma and Discrimination at the Workplace in Southwestern Uganda: Challenges and Solutions. Advances in Public Health , 2020 , 1–10. https://doi.org/10.1155/2020/8833166 UNAIDS. (2022, March). Women and girls carry the heaviest HIV burden in sub-Saharan Africa . Www.unaids.org. https://www.unaids.org/en/resources/presscentre/featurestories/2022/march/20220307_w omen-girls-carry-heaviest-hiv-burden-sub-saharan-africa Whiteside, A., & Lee, S. (2005). The “Free by 5” Campaign for Universal, Free Antiretroviral Therapy. PLoS Medicine , 2 (8), e227. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pmed.0020227

8 WHO. (2022). HIV/AIDS . WHO | Regional Office for Africa. https://www.afro.who.int/health- topics/hivaids World Health Organization. (2022). Why the HIV epidemic is not over . Www.who.int. https://www.who.int/news-room/spotlight/why-the-hiv-epidemic-is-not-over

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Final Project Proposal- impact of HIVAIDS on WOMEN AND GIRLS in Africa (4)

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