OBST 680 Module

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Feb 20, 2024

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Controls for Interpretation of Typological Patterns  In general, how do biblical types relate to history?  What is the major problem with typological interpretation of scripture?  How does Messiah’s claim that he is the “bread of life” (John 6:35) relate to tabernacle typology?  Why is there a need to use controls when doing typological interpretation of the Old Testament?  Why is it important to study Old Testament persons and events in their historical contexts when doing responsible typological interpretation?  How do the larger redemptive patterns of God’s work help guide typological interpretation of the Old Testament?  What is the importance of biblical evidence of typological patterns?  What does it mean to say that typological patterns are secondary?

Forward-looking and Backward-looking Typological Patterns  Is the expectation for a prophet like Moses a forward-looking or backward- looking pattern?  Can a forward-looking expectation like the new exodus in Isaiah be fulfilled more than once?  What evidence supports the tabernacle as a backward-looking expectational pattern?  When does the Old Testament look backward to the pattern of the tabernacle? Does the New Testament use Melchizedek in Psalm 110 as a forward-looking or backward-looking expectational pattern?  How does the historical narrative of Melchizedek in Genesis 14 function as an expectational pattern?  Does the New Testament use Psalm 22:1 (“my God, my God, why have you forsaken me?”) as a forward-looking or backward-looking expectational pattern?  Why is the completion of a backward-looking type in Christ thought of as “indirect fulfillment”?  How does the Greek word for “fulfill” serve both forward-looking direct fulfillment and backward-looking indirect fulfillment?

Read: Beale: Chapter 4 What characterizes direct fulfilment of scripture in the New Testament? an OT passage makes a specific prediction, and an event in the NT is seen as the fulfillment of the prediction  What distinguishes indirect from direct fulfillment of scripture in the New Testament? he main difference between direct fulfillment of prophecy and indirect typological fulfillment is that the direct fulfills what was explicitly predicted by the words of a prophet, while the indirect fulfills what was implicitly foreshadowed by historical events, which have been narrated  What sort of fulfillment is marked by a fulfillment formula? Page 59  What context analogically connects the regulation against breaking bones of the passover lamb in Exodus 12:46?  According to Beale, how does Psalm 41:9 [10] function relative to David before it is used in John 13:18?  How does Beale refer to repeated lack of fulfillment pointing to an eschatological figure who would finally fulfill these commissions?  How does 2 Peter 3:11-14 interpret Isaiah 65:17 and Isaiah 66:22 regarding the new heavens and new earth?  How does Paul view the new creation prophecies in 2 Corinthians 5:17 and Galatians 6:15?  Why do New Testament contexts use Old Testament contexts analogically of aspects of the new covenant age?

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 Why do some commentators think Deuteronomy 25:4 (do not muzzle the ox) is already proverbial?  Why did Jezebel function well to warn Thyatira of compromise in their pagan culture? Why does Beale think similarities between Hosea 12:8 [9] (I have become rich) and Revelation 3:17 are more than a coincidence?  What characterizes typology versus analogy?  What is the function of compiling the beasts of Daniel together into one beast in Revelation 13:1-2?  Why does Paul cite David’s confession of Psalm 51:4 [6] in Romans 3:4?  Why is caution needed when interpreting a New Testament use of scripture which may have a proverbial connotation?  According to Beale, how does the Old Testament phrase “Edom, Moab, and Ammon” function?  According to George Eldon Ladd, what two Old Testament contexts do the parables and mystery allude to in Matthew 13?  According to Beale, what do Qumran scrolls and the New Testament share regarding the use of mystery?  According to Beale, how do some interpreters regard the use of language of Deuteronomy 30:12-14 (Who will ascend into heaven? ... Who will descend? ... Theword is near you) in Romans 10:6-8?

 According to Beale, how can an Old Testament prototype for New Testament revelation be identified?  How does recognizing Daniel 7 as a blueprint for Revelation 13 help interpreters? To Indicate the Use of an Old Testament Segment as a Blueprint or Prototype for a New Testament Segment  How does Daniel 7-12 function as a model for eschatological discourse of Mark 13:1-27?  How does Hartman interpret the evidence of the use of Daniel in parallel eschatological discourses in Mark 13, Matthew 24, and Luke 21?  What is the significance of Matthew Harmon’s proposal that Isaiah 49-55 provides the primary conceptual substructure of Galatians?  According to Beale, how do the allusions to Isaiah 40-66 affect the identity of the Galatians?  According to Beale, what is the significance of the captivity-restoration theme in the scriptures used in Romans 9:25-11:35? NBST/OBST 680 According to Silvia Keesmat, what Old Testament narrative provides to prototypical shape of Romans 8:18-39?  According to Beale, what may be the textual basis of Daniel 4:34 [37] for Christ’s title in Revelation King of kings and Lord of lords?  According to Beale, why does Revelation 17:14 (Lord of lords and King of kings) make allusion to a tradition of Daniel 4:34 [37] and apply it to Christ?

 What evidence supports Beale’s claim that Revelation 3:14 alludes to Isaiah 65:16?  What evidence supports Beale’s claim that “faithful and true” in Revelation 3:14 offers an interpretive translation of “amen” in Isaiah 65:16?  Why is language used in the Old Testament to speak of God’s incomparability (“Who is like you O Lord?” in Exodus 15:11) applied in Revelation 13:14 as “Who is like the beast”?  How does Deuteronomy 21:23 (cursed is everyone who hangs on a tree) function is Galatians 3:13-14?  How may tongues function as a scriptural allusion in Acts 2? Read: Beale: Chapter 5  What are two grand presuppositions for the use of scripture in the New Testament?  According to Beale, what is the foundation of Old Testament history functioning as typological prophecy?  What role does canonical trajectory play in interpreting New Testament use of Old Testament?  How does redemptive history function to contextualize New Testament uses of individual Old Testament contexts?  According to Beale, what is the implication of recognizing Christ as true Israel and the

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church as the Israel of God?  According to Beale, what should be kept in mind when dealing when New Testament uses scripture with creative freedom and/or no apparent interest in fulfillment?  What set apart the use of scripture by New Testament versus ancient Judaic writings?  What accounts for some similarities in use of scripture by New Testament and ancient Judaic writings?

OBST 680 Module

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