PSY 375 Module Four Lab Worksheet (2)

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PSY 375 Module Four Lab Worksheet Encoding Specificity Lab Data Study/Test Cue* Proportion Correct Weak/Weak 0.583 Weak/Strong 0.833 Strong/Weak 0.417 Strong/Strong 0.750 Lure 0.896 1

Lab Questions ● Do your results support the encoding specificity hypothesis? Why or why not? Note: Consider what led to the best results—having strong semantic associations between cue and target, or matching cues at encoding and test? My results do align with what was predicted. The prediction was that the target would be more recongizable if it was paried with the same cue. I did have a better recollection of the target when the cues were the same as phase 1. I had a hard time with strong/weak. ● Describe a real or hypothetical example of a situation that demonstrates encoding specificity. Ensure that your example is original and not from course materials. 2

An example of this would be if you study for a test in a specific room, and then take the test in that room you will perform better then taking the test in another room. Another example would be listening to music when studying and listening to the same music when taking the test. Levels of Processing Lab Data Condition/Task Proportion Correct Letter/Encoding 1.000 Rhyme/Encoding 1.000 Semantic/Encoding 0.900 Letter/Test 0.600 Rhyme/Test 0.600 Semantic/Test 0.850 Lure/Test 0.400 3

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Lab Questions ● Do your results support the levels of processing theory? Why or why not? Focus on how well you did in the test condition (relative to how you encoded) to answer this question. My results support the levels of processing theory. I did better in the encoding in for letter and rhyme processing. My results for semantic processing were similar in encoding and testing. Semantic processing is the ability to incorporate deep processing which gives meaning to the memory that is being encoded (Goldstein, 2018). 4

● What is meant by deep processing ? How might you use this to improve memory in a real-world scenario? Describe a unique example. Be creative! Deep processing is to encode and process information in a meaning manner which facilitates long-term retention and retrieval. An example of this would be, taking class notes exactly how the teacher said them and then memorizing key terms nad repeating them over and over to memorize the information (Sieck, 2021). False Memory Lab Data Type of Item Percent Recognized Oringial List Item 90.476 Unrelated Lure (not in List) 2.083 Related Lure (not in list) 100.000 5

Lab Questions ● Did your results conform to those predicted for this lab? Why or why not? My results relate to the prediction. I was able to notice that many of the words were related to the distractor. During the lab, the related words helped me recall which words were shown in the sequence. ● How did this study set participants up to experience false memory? Deese, Roediger, and McDermott also found people can be confident in their selection of the false memory item. Why do you think that is? Your answer will be graded based on the depth of your thinking. When given a list of related words such as (peak, hill, climber) we are able to mange to trick out minds into creating a false memory. “A false memory is a fabricated or distorted 6

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recollection of an event” (Cherry, 2023). When the list of words were shown I would recall the relatedness of the words to select the correct words in the sequence and dismiss the ones that were not there. This helped even if I was not 100% sure the word was in the list. This shows the effectiveness of the Deese-Roediger-McDermott paradigm. Module Question ● Compare and contrast levels of processing with encoding specificity. Describe a difference and a similarity. The levels of processing and encoding specifically involve memory. Encoding is a key concept to processing both long term and short term memories. The deeper the processing of the memory relates to how well we remember them. Encoding is easier to recall or remember information in an environment that is similar to the environment that we gain the information from. Processing has many levels where as encoding does not. References 7

Cherry, K. (2023, May 10). How your brain can create false memories . Verywell Mind. https://www.verywellmind.com/what-is-a-false-memory-2795193 Goldstein, B. (2018). Cognitive psychology: Connecting mind, research, and everyday experience. Cengage. Sieck, W. (2021, September 21). Using deep processing strategies to master any subject . Global Cognition. https://www.globalcognition.org/deep-processing/#:~:text=Other%20examples%20of %20deep%20processing,paying%20attention%20to%20key%20distinctions. 8

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