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University of Toledo *

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Psychology

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Dec 6, 2023

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1 Assistive Technology and Techniques Evidence Based Practice Journal Article Review Lydia I Holland Recreational Therapy, University of Toledo RCRT 4560 Carina Fischer, Kai Roman October 28, 2023

2 a. Journal Article Title : Spelling and Assistive Technology: Helping Students with Disabilities Be Successful Writers b. Journal Title : Physical Disabilities: Education and Related Services c. Author(s) : Kate D. Simmons, Laura B. Carpenter a. Purpose of the article (summary) : The purpose of this article is to help students of different levels of disabilities find assistive technology that can help with different hindrances such as spelling struggles, writing struggles, etc. Assistive technology is described throughout this article and many examples of Assistive technology are given so that the reader can learn more about the devices, and what they may benefit from the most. b. Research questions addressed (list) - What Assistive Technology is available for students with disabilities? - How can AT help students become successful writers? - Do motor skills play a part in students' spelling curriculum? - How can cognitive energy be reduced in order to help students better progress in spelling? c. Population Studied (describe): The population study is a variety of students in different grades and ages. The first population studied is a 9 year old student named Hunter who is in 4th grade(Simmons, 8). He has spelling struggles due to asthma that causes him to be out of school for extended periods of times during seasons when his allergies are flared up. Next is Maria(Simmons,

3 11), an 8th grader with mild intellectual disabilities. She is in 8th grade, however reads at a 4th grade level, and works at a 5th grade level in math. She was diagnosed in 2nd grade and is a member of the basketball team. Next is Joseph (Simmons, 13), he is a 6th grader, age 12 who has been diagnosed with Cerebral Palsy since he was born. CP affects both his gross and fine motor skills. During 4th and 5th grade Joseph was put in an intensive supplemental spelling program. d. Study Methods (summary) : Through this article there are 3 students observed. Each student has a different physical and/or mental disability and struggles with aspects of spelling. Each student is described with what grade and age they are, what their diagnosis(s) is, and what struggles they have in the classroom. Their struggles are explained and how their teachers and support systems work with them, followed by what programming or AT devices are available for them that they may benefit from. e. Findings (summary): Throughout this article a variety of Assistive Technology devices and resources. There are spelling programs, Web-assisted, AT devices varying from Light tech to High tech. The comprehensive list of resources lists all of the resources and devices explained in this article including: “Spelling Mastery, Spelling Through Morphographs, Read 180, Spelling City, Spelling Time, Highlighting Tape, Colored Overlays, Personal Dictionary,Word Processing Spell Check, Portable Word Processing, Electronic Spelling Dictionaries, Alternative Keyboards, and Computer Accessibility Features” (Simmons, 15). All of these devices that are listed can be used either in the classroom or at home to help the student with their spelling.

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4 f. Conclusions (describe) : There are a variety of Assistive Technology devices and resources available for students with a variety of disabilities. Spelling and writing are a huge part of education, and can be a challenge for those with developmental and/or physical disabilities. Students can benefit from AT devices and services depending on their disability and how they best learn. There are both high tech and light tech g. Relation/implications to Recreational Therapy (describe) : Recreational Therapist could be very beneficial in and out of the classroom for students that have both learning and physical disabilities. Recreational Therapists can utilize the resources listed on page 15 of the article and integrate them into sessions, or even make fun games out of them. Some students may benefit from simple AT such as highlighter tape, or a dictionary like Maria, whereas other students like Joseph may need more hightech AT resources such as a text-to-speech device. In Joseph's case, he struggles with fine motor skills, so Occupational Therapy will help with the positioning of the keyboard, Whereas Recreational Therapy can help with the use and functions around the keyboard.

5 References Simmons, Kate D, and Laura B Carpenter. “Spelling and Assistive Technology: Helping Students With Disabilities Be Successful Writers.” Physical Disabilities: Education and Related Services , vol. 29, 4 Aug. 2010, pp. 5–19. Article Link: https://eric.ed.gov/?id=EJ955433

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