Week 3 Assignment-MOs and SDs

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1 Week 3 Assignment: MO’s and SD’s Stephanie Grace Kosinar Capella University PSY7709 – Advanced Concepts in Applied Behavior Analysis Dr. Lisa Sabato October 29, 2023

2 Similarities (3) (be sure to describe and not just list) 1. MOs and SDs are both stimuli of an antecedent, they both occur before a behavior (Cooper et al., 2020) 2. MOs and SDs influence the frequency of behavior, the amount of times it occurs. (Cooper et al., 2020) 3. MOs and SDs can be used with antecedent manipulation to increase or decrease behavior. (Cooper et al., 2020) Differences (3) (be sure to describe and not just list) 1. An MO can alter value, while an SD cannot. (Cooper et al., 2020) 2. An SD signals availability, while an MO does not. (Cooper et al., 2020) 3. An MO affects future behaviors that can occur, while an SD does not. (Cooper et al., 2020). 4. An SD can affect any current behaviors occurring, while an MO does not. (Cooper et al., 2020) Examples MOs and SDs are both terms that are used in ABA, the field of Behavior Analysis. An MO is a motivating operation, which breaks out into two characteristics of EO (establishing operations) and AO (abolishing operations). “The MO can be defined as an environmental variable that has two effects: value-altering and behavior altering effects; the value altering

3 effect is either an increase in the reinforcing effectiveness of some stimulus, object or event, in which case the MO is an establishing operation or a decrease in reinforcing effectiveness, in which case the MO is an abolishing operation; the behavior-altering effect is either an increase in the current frequency of the behavior that has been reinforced by some stimulus called an evocative effect or a decrease in the current frequency of behavior that has been reinforced by some stimulus called an abative effect” (Cooper, 2020). MOs are antecedent variables that can alter the value of a stimuli when present. An SD is a discriminative stimulus. “An SD affects behavior because its presence has been correlated with differential availability of an effective reinforcer in the past” (Cooper, 2020). It is a stimulus in the environment that signals availability to that item and can affect any current behaviors that may be occurring. MOs and SDs both influence behavior, but in different ways. Example 1 A child drank 2 Capri Suns before going into the grocery store with his mother, 5 minutes later after entering, he now needs to go to the restroom. The child needing to void is the establishing operation (EO). He is now motivated to go use the restroom. The bathroom became more valuable to him while shopping with his mother in the store. After about 20 minutes, he sees the bathroom sign, he is now going to engage in the behavior of looking for the bathroom sign and asking his mom to go to the bathroom to be able to avoid the aversive stimuli that his body produces when he needs to void. His mom stops shopping and takes him to the restroom to void (SR-). He would not have been able to relieve himself if he had not seen the sign and told his mom. Example 2 I stayed up until midnight waiting for the new Taylor Swift album to release and I wake up at 6:00am to start getting ready for work. I am exhausted due to staying up late, but I have a meeting with my BCBA at 8:15am (EO). This makes me motivated to fix a cup of coffee. When I walk into my kitchen, I see my Keurig and cute fall mug (SD). I make a cup of coffee and the caffeine wakes me up immediately (SR-). Because I saw the Keurig and my cute fall mug, I will engage in behaviors such as (making a cup of coffee, adding creamer, and drinking the coffee) to gain access to a reinforcer.

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4 Example 3 I woke up this morning with a knot in my neck (EO), this makes me motivated to relieve the pain I am experiencing in my neck. I see my husband (SD). I asked him to massage my neck to relieve the tension (SR-). With the presence of my husband, I will engage in behaviors such as (asking him for massages more often) to gain access to the reinforcement of relief. References Cooper, J. O., Heron, T. E., & Heward, W. L. (2019). Applied Behavior Analysis (3rd ed.). Pearson Education (US). https://capella.vitalsource.com/books/9780134798783

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