Reinforcement Schedules

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1 Week 5 Assignment: Reinforcement Scheduled Stephanie G. Kosinar Capella University PSY7709 – Advanced Concepts in Applied Behavior Analysis Dr. Lisa Sabato 11/12/2023

2 To begin, schedules of reinforcement are rules that are described as a contingency involving reinforcement, the arrangements in the environment determine the absolute conditions in which behaviors will have production of reinforcement (Cooper, 2019). Reinforcement schedules create a boundary to shape behaviors and create a continuous occurrence of the targeted behavior. Keeping extinction at play and the continuous reinforcement, maintenance behaviors will occur. Maintenance behaviors are a lasting and stable change in a behavior (Cooper, 2019). There are a few types of reinforcement schedules: VR, VI, FR, FI. VR is variable ratio, VI is variable interval, FR is a fixed ratio, and FI is a fixed interval. Ratio occurs when several responses are emitted for reinforcement (Cooper, 2019). Interval occurs when a certain time has elapsed between responses that are emitted for reinforcement (Cooper, 2019). Variable schedules, the responses of ratio or the time requirement can change from a reinforced response to another (Cooper, 2019). Name the schedule in the example Example Name the schedule Arjun gets a sticker for the first correct response after a 2-minute interval has passed. (FI), this is an example of a Fixed Interval schedule of reinforcement. The reinforcement is delivered at fixed time periods when the correct response is present. Cristina gets to pick a prize after an average of 4 homework papers are turned in. (VR), this is an example of a Variable Ratio schedule of reinforcement. The reinforcement is delivered after a scattered number of responses, the number of responses that are required for reinforcement change after each delivery of reinforcement. One star is earned every 3 times Juan raises his hand. (FR), this is an example of a Fixed Ratio schedule of reinforcement. The reinforcement is delivered after a specific number of responses. Kiana gets 5 minutes of iPad if they answer correctly at the end of an interval which lasts 5 minutes on average. (VI), this is an example of a Variable Interval schedule of reinforcement. The reinforcement is delivered at an average of time intervals. Evoking a Behavior Fixed interval

3 (FI) is when the reinforcement is delivered at set time periods when the correct response is present. With a set number, the client is going to have higher amounts of response near the end of the interval, but it may be a slower response after the delivery of the reinforcement. Example: I received a grade for each semester in school, so I am more likely to work harder at the end of the semester, but less at the beginning. Fixed ratio (FR) is when reinforcement is delivered after a set number of responses. This schedule evokes a high and stable rate of response, usually with only a brief pause after the delivery of reinforcement. Example: A cashier gets put in a raffle for every 10 customers they get to apply for a store credit card, the cashier will consistently ask customers if they want to sign up for the credit card. Variable ratio (VR) is when reinforcement is based on an average number of responses. This schedule will evoke a high and stable rate of responses. Example: A women is playing slots, she does not know how many times she will have to play before she wins, so she is going to keep playing at a high rate. Variable interval (VI) is when reinforcement is provided for the first response after an average time interval has passed, this schedule will evoke a slow rate of responses. Example: Checking your Instagram, you do not know when you will get a like on your picture, so you check at a stable rate throughout the day. Explanation and Examples Continuing, an explanation with a reinforcement schedule for me would be making my coffee each morning. It takes 5 minutes for my Keurig to heat up. With that being said, I am reinforced on a FI-5 (fixed interval of 5 minutes). I know that once I hit the power button, 5 minutes later I will be drinking my coffee. The rate of my responding is low, but once the end of the 5-minute mark comes up, my response

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4 for checking to see if the water is ready increases until the coffee is done, and I am reinforced. I chose this example because this is reinforcement schedule that I go through every morning. Conclusion In conclusion, schedules of reinforcement are rules that are described as a contingency involving reinforcement, the arrangements in the environment determine the absolute conditions in which behaviors will have production of reinforcement (Cooper, 2019). Reinforcement schedules create a boundary to shape behaviors and create a continuous occurrence of the targeted behavior. Keeping extinction at play and the continuous reinforcement, maintenance behaviors will occur. Maintenance behaviors are a lasting and stable change in a behavior (Cooper, 2019). There are a few types of reinforcement schedules: VR, VI, FR, FI. VR is variable ratio, VI is variable interval, FR is a fixed ratio, and FI is a fixed interval. Ratio occurs when several responses are emitted for reinforcement (Cooper, 2019). Interval occurs when a certain time has elapsed between responses that are emitted for reinforcement (Cooper, 2019). Variable schedules, the responses of ratio or the time requirement can change from a reinforced response to another (Cooper, 2019).

5 References Cooper, J. O., Heron, T. E., & Heward, W. L. (2019). Applied Behavior Analysis (3rd ed.). Pearson Education (US). https://capella.vitalsource.com/books/9780134798783

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