Discussion Board Replies 5

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Psychology

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Dec 6, 2023

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Discussion Board Replies 1 Reply D2.1 and D2.2 Summarize the students findings and indicate areas of agreement, disagreement, and improvement. Scholarly citations 250 words Ryan, Summary The author provides knowledgeable responses to the provided questions. Starting the discussion by explaining the difference between the terms “count” and “expected count”, it is explained that the count refers to the actual number of observations whereas the expected count is a theoretical or expected number of observations ( Morgan, Barrett, Leech & Gloeckner, 2020). In addition, it is explained that the difference between the count and expected count can provide insight into whether there is a significant association between the two categorical variables being examined. With these definitions explained, more in-depth items and examples can be discussed. For example, when reviewing if the chi-square is statistically significant, it can be seen that when it is not significant there is more uncertainty. In addition, it is important to determine if the expected values in at least 80% of cells are greater than or equal to five as this factor confirms if the conditions for using the chi-square test are violated or not (Morgan, Barrett, Leech & Gloeckner, 2020). Next, the author discusses how the risk ratio and odds ratio are calculated in order to highlight how information about the odds ratio could be useful to people wanting to know the practical importance of research results. Lastly, the author reviews how to determine the appropriate value of eta, whether it is high or low, and how to appropriately describe the results. Critique When reviewing for areas of agreement, the author did an excellent job in defining terms and providing well-rounded explanations of most terms throughout the discussion. One topic that could have benefited from a more thorough discussion is how the author determined which value of eta is the appropriate selection. In most cases, a strong association between two variables indicates the extent to which differences between the variables can affect their stability ( Simonsmeier, Flaig, Deiglmayr, Schalk & Schneider, 2022). In the example discussed, it can be seen that the eta with math courses taken as the dependent variable is the appropriate selection because gender is being used to predict math courses taken instead of math courses taken being used to determine gender. Depending on how the data is reviewed and analyzed and the values

being taken into consideration whether or not the variables have a strong association can be determined once the appropriate values have been selected. References Morgan, G. A., Barrett, K. C., Leech, N. L., & Gloeckner, G. W. (2020). IBM SPSS for introductory statistics: Use and interpretation, sixth edition (6th ed.). Routledge. Simonsmeier, B. A., Flaig, M., Deiglmayr, A., Schalk, L., & Schneider, M. (2022). Domain- specific prior knowledge and learning: A meta-analysis. Educational Psychologist, 57 (1), 31-54. https://doi.org/10.1080/00461520.2021.1939700

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