week 5 discussion

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Dec 6, 2023

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Describe Attachment and discuss the relationship between Attachment and Psychological Development in childhood. Why is it important? What happens if Attachment does not securely develop? Good afternoon Dr. Deris and Classmates, This week we learned further about social and emotional development in infancy and toddlerhood. Attachment is better described by a connection of social and emotional events that occur early in childhood that develops between the child and parents or caregiver, which has a long-term effect on a child's sense of self, development, growth and forthcoming relations with others. According to Diane Benoit (2004) explains, “Attachment is where the child uses the primary caregiver as a secure base from which to explore and, when necessary, as a haven of safety and a source of comfort.” The relationship between attachment and psychological development is significant as it can cause positive and negative impacts in early childhood. As explained in stage one (trust vs. mistrust) of Erik Erikson’s theory, if a child receives the adequate attention, love, and care the child will develop trust. On the other hand, if a child is neglected and does not receive the proper attention needed, then the child will develop with mistrust with those around. I believe this theory goes in hand with the relationship between attachment and psychological development in a child. If a child cannot establish a real deep connection or attachment with the parent, this child could potentially develop psychological issues and delayed development as they grow through their life time. It is crucial for a child to have a great connection and attachment with the parent as this will allow the child to develop a psychological sense of more happiness, empathy, bonding, and security. They will be able to solve problems on their own and ask for help when they are in trouble. They will be able to have lasting friendships and get along better with their friends to include better sibling relationships. It is crucial and significant for an attachment to be formed from the initial states of life of a child as it allows children the secure base necessary to explore, learn and relate, and the health, drive, and opportunity to do so. According to Corinne Rees (2007), “It teaches children that others recognise their needs, and establishes foundations for trust, empathy, understanding relationships, and verbal and non-verbal communication. Preconceptions are established for subsequent relationships, close and otherwise.” Additionally, their social and emotional domains will have a great potentiality of being exceptionally developed through their life span. If attachment is not properly established, this can cause the child to develop anxiety, stress, emotional and social complications, and psychological difficulties. According to Robert Winston and Rebecca Chicot (2016) suggest, “Without a good initial bond, children are less likely to grow up to become happy, independent and resilient adults.” Furthermore, when there is not an established attachment, children will develop negative emotions, poor socialization, and aggressive behaviors. As this child grows into adulthood, it may lead them to possible use illegal drugs, experience temper issues, early pregnancy, homelessness, and potentially law breaking. References Benoit D. (2004). Infant-parent attachment: Definition, types, antecedents, measurement and outcome. Paediatrics & child health , 9(8), 541–545. https://doi.org/10.1093/pch/9.8.541 Rees C. (2007). Childhood attachment. The British journal of general practice : the journal of the Royal College of General Practitioners, 57 (544), 920–922. https://doi.org/10.3399/096016407782317955 Winston, R., & Chicot, R. (2016). The importance of early bonding on the long-term mental health and resilience of children. London journal of primary care, 8 (1), 12–14. https://doi.org/10.1080/17571472.2015.1133012

Hello Kathryn, Thank you for sharing your thoughts on this week's discussion questions. I enjoyed the set up you made on your discussion post. It is incredible how attachment is very important and significant during the early stages of development. Sometimes, I like to get in some else shoes, to be able to understand why a person acts in such ways and how their childhood could possibly have impacted them as they are adults now. I have a couple of co-workers that I personally feel that they parent's handheld them their whole life, and now as adults, they still expect things in general, to be done for them. I understand it is very vital for attachments to happen during early stages of child development, however, in your perspective, when do you believe it is important to establish those boundaries so that child, when he/she is an adult, does not expect everything to be done for them in an easy manner? As per the consequences of not having a secure attachment can generate a negative impact during the early stages of child development and later on in their life. As we learned, not having a secure attachment can definitely cause mental issues that could possibly lead to suicide. According to research conducted by Green et al. (2021) they suggest, " A direct relationship was established between attachment avoidance and suicidal ideation, after controlling for age, gender and depressive symptoms." In my perspective, as educators or future educators, it is imperative to assist in the connection between the child, parents/guardians, and educators. Do you think Erik Erikson's theory goes in hand with the relationship between attachment and psychological development? Great job on your discussion! Reference Green, J., Berry, K., Danquah, A., & Pratt, D. (2021). Attachment Security and Suicide Ideation and Behaviour: The Mediating Role of Reflective Functioning. International journal of environmental research and public health , 18 (6), 3090. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18063090

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