2MT3 Midterm Test Bank

Referring to music therapy interventions is the same as referring to music therapy approaches. FALSE GIM is a music therapy technique that is NOT taught as part of the music therapy training programs in Canada and the USA. In other words, music therapists typically require additional training in order to implement GIM techniques. TRUE Quiz 4 — 15 Questions It is not possible to engage a non-verbal client in the process of song writing within a music therapy session. False Which of the following is a songwriting technique. Fill in the blanks A client wishes to use a favourite song as the template for his own song writing process within a music therapy session. He changes a few key words to make the song relevant to what he wants to express. This is an example of. Fill in the blanks Songwriting only includes writing about the negative emotions one is experiencing. False As per the video of the gentleman undergoing cancer care, music therapy (and particularly song writing) can assist with reaching which of the following goals: Communicating with a loved one Which of the following is important when writing a song within a music therapy session? The client has autonomy A video example was provided about how song writing can be implemented pre-surgery. In this video example, the mom wrote a song (a song parody) for her daughter (Gracie). The music therapist did not use the song in the music therapy sessions with Gracie because it was not a song written between the patient and the music therapist. False Changing all the lyrics of a precomposed song within a music therapy session to resonate with one's own expression is an example of which of the following song writing techniques? None of the above

rehabilitation? Melodic Intonation Therapy When using NMT techniques to facilitate physical rehabilitation such as gait, familiar precomposed music must be used to facilitate the techniques. TRUE How many NMT Techniques are there? 20 When was the NMT approach formally established? 1999/2000 An individual has been referred to engage in NMT for gait rehabilitation. Which technique is the music therapist most likely to implement? RAS RAS draws upon the concept of entertainment to facilitate gait FALSE U of T offers a music therapy training that is heavily influenced by the NMT approach. In fact, the founder of NMT is a professor and director of the Music and Health Sciences graduate program at U of T. TRUE Which of the following best describes Parkinson’s Disease? A neurological disorder that effects cognition Which of the following best describes the reading “Music therapy and Parkinon’s Disease”? A pilot study Michael J Fox is an actor who is plays the role of a man with Parkinson’s Disease in several TV shows. However, he does not actually have Parkinson’s Disease FALSE In the article you were asked to read “Music Therapy in Parkinson’s Disease”, the results do not suggest the implementation of music therapy as part of symptom management for PD, as there is not enough evidence to support its efficacy FALSE Which of the following is a motor symptom of Parkinson’s Disease?

Why might music have evolved? To facilitate social bonding What is NOT a goal of song writing in the context of music therapy? To commercialize the song Is this an example of Music Therapy? Brianna meets up with an instructor who uses musical activities and teaches her specific self-care techniques FALSE Facilitated music can affect physiological factors such as blood pressure, muscle tension, heart rate, and brain activity TRUE What patient population typically benefits most from lyric analysis? Individuals with substance use disorders or mental illnesses There is only one way to deliver music therapy FALSE The first music therapy degree program began in 1986 in Canada at the University of Toronto FALSE Music can affect autonomic systems such as heart and respiration rate TRUE Which of the following goals are relevant to a music therapy session? Any of the above If a client is a trained musician, they will likely benefit more from engaging in music therapy sessions than a non-musician FALSE Listening to music with a health care provider is a form of music therapy FALSE How can the use of precomposed music facilitate healthcare goals in a music therapy session? All of the above

As a result of how variable music is, and how each person has a personal relationship with music, it has not been possible to develop any music therapy approaches with standardized interventions FALSE Which characteristic(s) describe the Nordoff-Robbins approach? Concept the “music child” Can a client benefit from music therapy if they don’t want to play an instrument/ Yes, not all interventions require playing an instrument Sarah has been experiencing performance anxiety. She has reached out to a music therapist for support. During the session, the therapist and Sarah determine together a play list of music. THe therapist then guides sarah through a listening exercise, followed by drawing pictures evoked by the experience. The images are used as a tool to verbally facilitate the experience. Which approach/model is the music therapist using? G.I.M There are no journal publications about music therapy, although there are many published papers about the impact of music on health and well-being FALSE Precomposed music always creates a positive response in clients FALSE A client wishes to use a favorite song as the template for his own song writing process within a music therapy session. He changes all the words to make the song relevant to what he wants to express. This is an example of Therapeutic Lyric Creation Most universities in Canada offer a music therapy training program at the bachelor or Master’s level FALSE PD is a neurodegenerative disease which increases memory loss FALSE Which of the following statements is true? All of the above Pre-composed music is always delivered as pre-recorded music in a music therapy session FALSE

depression TRUE Betty White is an example of an individual with early stage dementia who has been able to continue working despite her diagnosis FALSE The MMSE is a tool to measure aging FALSE Dementia only impacts memory. It does not impact behaviour, perception, personality, or language. FALSE It is only possible to have one type of dementia at a time FALSE It is standard that musicality and singing are tested as a feature of cognitive deterioration along with the MMSE, as it is known that these areas are often preserved despite Dementia. FALSE Music therapists typically implement a similar treatment plan with all their clients diagnosed with dementia FALSE Dementia is often masked by which mental illness? Depression Which of the following best describes Dementia? Declining language and memory Which of the following is NOT commonly experienced by individuals with a Dementia? Independence Dementia is most closely defined as Declining language and memory Music therapy can benefit caregivers of clients with dementia as well as the clients themselves TRUE Dementia appears to target areas of the brain responsible for engaging in music. The

Music therapy focuses on which of the following when treating pain in palliative care? All of the above Palliative care is only for those who are expected to live for 6 months or less FALSE If a music therapist is referred to work with an individual in palliative care, it would be unethical for the client to ask family members to be involved in any way in the client’s music therapy process FALSE Palliative care does not include... Physician lead care It is possible for an individual in palliative care to engage in music therapy actively and/or passively TRUE Music Therapy in Palliative care is ultimately focused on death and dying FALSE You have to be over the age of 50 to be a patient in palliative care FALSE Mr. Aru is in palliative care and has been referred to music therapy. He would like to engage in a life review and create something he can leave for his family. What is the most likely intervention that the music therapist will use? Song writing Music Therapy in Palliative care is centred around dying and how that makes you feel FALSE There have been various studies conducted about the use of music as an analgesic. Some of these studies showed that music may have helped increase one’s pain threshold. TRUE Pain is best described as A subjective experience Classical music has the greatest impact on pain relief FALSE Which music therapy approach/model/intervention is the least likely to be applied in

philosophy that within every human being there is an innate responsiveness to music — the music child. This is part of the philosophy of which model? Nordoff-Robbins What are the 4 categories of the NMT techniques? Sensorimotor, Speech&l.anguage, Cognition RAS draws upon the concept of entertainment to facilitate gait TRUE When was the NMT approach formally established? 1999/2000 U of T offers a music therapy training that is heavily influecned by the NMT approach. In fact, the founder of NMT is a professor and director of the Music and Health Sciences graduate program at U of T. TRUE Music Therapy seeks to assess the strenghts as well as the areas of needs in order to develop a treatment plan. TRUE The terms mental health and mental illness can be used interchangeably as they mean the same thing FALSE Which of the following is an example of “Treatment As Usual” as explained in the article “Individual Music Therapy for Mental Health Care Clients with Low Therapy Motivation: Multicentre Randomised Controlled Trial”? Medication - antipsychotic, antidepressant, mood stabilizers, psychotropic drugs Western Culture generally portrays elderly individuals in a very positive light FALSE The physical and social environment of an elderly individual plays a large role in influencing their health TRUE The article by Gold et al. “Individual Music Therapy for Mental Health Care Clients with Low Therapy Motivation...” provides support for the implementation of group music therapy for supporting goals related to mental health care clients with low therapy motivation

FALSE WHen working in NICU, a music therapist needs to be aware of the following All of the above Music Therapy in palliative care is centred around dying and how that makes you feel FALSE Most volunteer musicians who perform in the NICU are aware of the consequences of overstimulation music can cause FALSE In order for the client to commit themself to the process of Music therapy and see improvements in mental health, the client must do all of the following EXCEPT: Agree to all the interventions his music therapist insists on Based on what you have learned about having an ABI, which of the following is most likely to be a theme for writing a song? Loss In a music therapy session, an autistic client would typically prefer the use of pre-recorded music over live music TRUE Music therapy focuses on which of the following when treating pain in palliative care? All of the above In order to reach one’s mental health goals, going to a session once every 3 months is best. Anymore than that is too much. FALSE Neurologic music therapy can be used to help treat ABI symptoms TRUE Due to the positive research supporting the use of music therapy in NICU, music therapy is often included in NICU care FALSE Why may a music therapist choose to use a pre-composed action song when working with a child with an acquired brain injury? To support language development

The world federation of music therapy (WFMT), sets the standards for music therapy in each country FALSE If a music therapist is referred to work with an individual in palliative care, it would be unethical for the client to ask family members to be involved in any way in the client’s music therapy process FALSE The ‘Refrigerator Mother’ mother was a theory related to which diagnosis? ASD The music therapy profession is grateful to Leo Kanner. As the first music therapist to work with children with autism, he reported upon the children’s heightened music abilities and how their music abilities can support communication goals FALSE Recorded music is never used in NICU by the music therapists as it has potential to cause more harm than good FALSE A young man recently experienced a traumatic brain injury and is living int he hospital as an inpatient on a rehabilitation unit. The music therapist is currently assessing his abilities in order to suggest a treatment plan and next courses of action. Since the young man has a traumatic brain injury, the music therapist will most likely implement which music therapy intervention? Song writing Edward lives at a long-term care facility and has dementia. He has been referred to music therapy to help reduce his self-isolating behaviours. The music therapist is most likely to include which of the following as part of the treatment plan; Singing familiar and meaningful music Which of the following is not one of the song writing techniques? Lyric analysis A patient in palliative care would like to engage in a life review. Which technique would be best suited to a life review? Song writing The Nordoff-Robbins approach includes two music therapists: one plays the piano or

another instrument, and the other observes the relationship between the patient and the therapist. FALSE RAS is an NMT technique typically implemented to support speech rehabilitation FALSE Music can affect autonomic systems such as heart and respiration rate TRUE Which of the following is NOT used as a music therapy intervention? Joining a community choir Assessments and treatment plans are a key component to community music therapy FALSE Parkinson's disease is linked to ageing, and as a result, does not effect individual younger than 65 years of age FALSE Everyone will eventually experience dementia as a cognitive decline impairing memory and language is inevitable with age FALSE When using GIM, playlists of classical music is always used FALSE When was was the CAMT formed? 1970s How can the use of precomposed music facilitate healthcare goals in a music therapy session? All of the above Listening to music with a health care provider is a form of music therapy FALSE Which of the following goals are relevant to a music therapy session? Any of the above Community music therapy has its root in which of the following theories? System theory

Which of the following is true? (Heart monitors can help to guide the music in a music therapy session , pain is a subjective experience , music therapy can aim to reduce pain perception ) All of the above According to Statistics Canada 2018, suicide is the second leading cause of death for people aged 15-24 TRUE GIM has proven to be particularly effective for individuals diagnosed with cognitive decline such as late stage dementia FALSE Anyone can be referred to music therapy for any reason, such as to learn an instrument, learn to sing, or a healthcare based purpose FALSE In this course, music is best described as a universal phenomenon TRUE The behavioural approach of music therapy suggests that everyone has a “Music-Child” FALSE Music therapy and music entertainment can be used interchangeably. Both music therapy and music entertainment facilitate a relationship between the client and the therapist FALSE What is the difference between mirroring and matching? In mirroring, the music therapist mirrors the patient’s music and style of playing. As for matching, the music therapist creates music that is compatible with the patient’s. If a client is a trained musician, they will likely benefit more from engaging in music therapy sessions than a non-musician FALSE Some individuals struggle with their sleep cycles when staying in hospice care. However, it would not be ethical for a music therapist to engage an individual in music therapy for the purpose of resetting their sleep cycle, and keeping the patient awake. FALSE Which of the following is a common need for patients living at the hospital, regardless if for palliative care, a TBI, a mental illness or post-stroke rehabilitation? A sense of control Jenna is a music therapist who facilitates group music therapy sessions on a university

campus to help students manage stress and anxiety. In addition to supporting students’ mental health, the music therapy group is also aimed to positively impact the societal negative stigma often associated with “therapy” and seeking support. This is an example of which approach? Community music therapy model Which of the following is a song writing technique? Brainstorming The song writing process is always completed by creating a recording of the song to allow the client to have a copy of the finished product, and if they wish, to share with others FALSE Due to the positive impact of musicians providing music to soldiers returning from WWw2 who were in hospitals in the USA, music therapy began to develop as a profession in the USA. TRUE In current music therapy practice, there is considerable variety in how various therapy approaches are named, with some terms being essentially activity descriptions and some being borrowed from other fields. This lack of standardization can make communication among professionals difficult. Therefore, standardization can provide an important foundation for establishing treatment goals and intervention protocols that can be more consistently recognized by other health professionals and insurance companies. Which music therapy approach implements standardized techniques? None of the above GIM in its original form advocates for the use of which kind of music during the session? None of the above Nordoff-Robbins music therapy developed from a partnership between paul nordoff, and clive robbins, two american trained music therapists FALSE One of the founders of the profession of music therapy (Eva Vescelius) felt that rhythm was important, and if one was to play music softly and rhythmically, it could bring the pulse and respiration back to normal during a fever. The concept of impacting autonomic responses is still used as witnessed in which setting? NICU Due to the subjectivity of the experience of pain, it is not possible to conduct meaningful research about the efficacy of music therapy interventions on the perception of pain

FALSE Structure in a music therapy session is not important when working with an individual with autism. In fact, predicability in a session can often evoke anxiety for an individual of the autism spectrum FALSE In the article CMT and participatory performance:Case study of a coffee house, there are many examples of the main components of the CMT approach. However, “levelling” of institutional relationships, was not observed at the coffee house FALSE Jen would like to become a music therapist in Canada. She has completed a BA in music and has been volunteering at a long-term care facility. Does she now meet the requirements to call herself a music therapist? No, she would first need to meet the mandates of the CAMT The earliest known reference to music therapy in the United States was an unsigned article in Columbian Magazine in 1789. The article, entitled “Music physically considered.” Which of the following options describes an important aspect highlighted in the article? The skilled use of music in the treatment of disease requires a properly trained practitioner The article by gold et al. “Individual Music Therapy for Mental Health Care Clients with Low Therapy Motivation...” found music therapy to more effective than ‘treatment as usual’ for total negative symptoms FALSE Music therapists in Canada are trained to work with a diversity of ages and client groups. Training to become a credentialed music therapist in Canada includes learning many different techniques and approaches such as neurologic music therapy FALSE A Patient participates in an improvisation as part of a music therapy session. The patient plays with great expression and musicality. Emotions are not always easily verbalized such as anger, fear, and existential concerns, and improvising provides the patient a way to self- express and reflect. It is very unlikely that this is an example of a patient in palliative care FALSE The needs of patients in palliative care vary greatly, and these needs may rapidly change from day to day, hour to hour, and within a single session. From the choices provided, which goal is the music therapist most likely NOT to incorporate into the session? Recovery goals

As there is no specific area of the brain that has been solely identified as responsible for music, an individual is often able to engage in music despite damage to the brain TRUE The music therapy interventions and approach for managing symptoms of an anxiety disorder would likely be the same as managing symptoms of pre-operative anxiety FALSE In recognizing the training of a music therapist, it is best that the client takes direction from the music therapist, and listens to the type of music directed by the music therapist FALSE Research about the efficacy of music therapy in relation to mental illness have been centred in North America. We are yet to see any published research about music therapy and mental illnesses from countries outside of North America. FALSE As a result of the significant progress, and positive results form the development of pharmacological treatments for people with serious mental disorders, there is not a high demand for alternative therapies FALSE A hospice/palliative care team consists of an interdisciplinary team, usually inclusive of a nurse, social worker, chaplain and bereavement counsellor to name a few. Additional team members may include a music therapist, physiotherapists and occupational therapist. As per the palliative care philosophy, this diverse team is lead by the primary physician who will direct the care of the patient FALSE In the article “Community music therapy and participatory performance: Case study of a coffee house” by E.Mitchell, the goal of the coffee house performances was to provide clients an opportunity to share their talents with others at the facility FALSE Symptoms of Autism Spectrum Disorder present the same across the spectrum FALSE Only qualitative research can be conducted about music therapy, such as case studies and interviews. The subjective nature of music therapy does not lend itself to quantitative data collection. FALSE Which of the options below is best defined by this explanation: The music therapist is doing exactly what the client is doing musically, expressively and through body language at the

same time as the client is doing it. The client will then see their own behaviour in the therapist’s behaviour. Mirroring When an MTA is facilitating the song writing process as a music therapy intervention, it is important that the MTA is most mindful of which of the following: The client is being provided opportunities for choice making throughout the process In the article “Community music therapy and particpatory performance: Case study of a coffee house” by E.mitchell, it was mandated that everyone participates by performing on stage. As this is a key component of CMT FALSE The article “Individual Music Therapy for Mental Health Care Clients with Low Therapy Motivation...” showed evidence for the efficacy of music therapy in Norway. However, these findings cannot be generalized with confidence to any other countries FALSE Recognizing that the ability to respond to music often remains intact despits a dementia, music activities are included in most standardized assessments for for cognition. as part of the cognitive assessment FALSE The only reason that music is effective in reducing pain perception is that it acts as a distraction from the experience of pain FALSE If you have not been diagnosed with a mental illness, it can be assumed you are living in a state of good mental health. FALSE An additional challenge to the finding of the search in the article individual music therapy for mental health care clients... were the discrepancies in how the music therapy sessions were delivered at the different health care centres FALSE What is the difference between music therapy and music entertainment? Music therapy is a health care discipline & entertainment is not A music therapist practicing psychotherapy in british columbia would need to be recognized by which organization(s)? CAMT

In the early 20th century, despite the lack of music therapy training programs, or regulatory associations, music and health research could be found in scientific publications TRUE Music has served various roles as civilization has evolved. In ancient societies, music fulfilled spiritual, religious, healing, and social roles in an integrated manner TRUE The ancient greeks introduced the concept that music is an integral part of the cosmos, capable of affecting character development and health through the use of the “Right” kind of music and through the balancing of one’s passions. This same rational is the premise of music prescriptions which music therapists implement as part of the client treatment plans FALSE From the ancient greeks through to modern times, physicians have written about music as a form of medical treatment TRUE WHich of the following options below refers to basing interventions, such as music therapy, upon research evidence that supports efficacy and defines best practice, resulting in a demand that public monies fund only those therapies that are proven to be effective Evidence-based practise The iso-principle is best described as Matching particular music to a person’s mood. Elements of the music are then gradually changed, thereby altering the client’s emotions or energy levels (e.g., to calm or to energize). It is the the universal components of music such as beat and rhythm that can help to facilitate health care goals. Music preference is rarely an important factor. FALSE