Genogram
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San Joaquin Delta College *
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MISC
Subject
Psychology
Date
Dec 6, 2023
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39
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Genogram 1 1. Who is the identified client in this three generation genogram? Correct answer:
Keith Explanation:
An enclosure such as the one that is drawn around Keith is typically the symbol that is used to indicate who the identified client is. 2. Which relationship in this family or family history indicates an abusive relationship? Correct answer:
Sally towards Mark Explanation:
A zig-zag line with an arrow typically indicates an abusive relationship, with the arrow pointed in the direction of the victim, in this case Mark. The arrow is outlined, which means emotional abuse rather than a shaded arrow which would indicate physical abuse. 3. Which transgenerational pattern is most notable in this genogram? Correct answer:
The distant relationship among mothers and daughters Explanation:
The distant relationship among mothers and daughters is seen in the relationship between Fiona and her daughter Sue, and then later with Sue and her daughter Maggie. 4. What does the dotted line around Brian Sr. indicate? Correct answer:
He may be distant and/or disengaged from the rest of the family Explanation:
A dotted line drawn completely around an individual usually indicates distance, disengagement, or cutoffs from the rest of the family. 5. Which two individuals have a close and healthy relationship, as indicated by this genogram? Downloaded by Britt Robertson (britt233014@mail.com)
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Correct answer:
Brian Jr. and Keith Explanation:
Two solid lines that are drawn, as opposed to three solid lines, indicate a close relationship that is not fused or enmeshed. 6. If you were Keith's counselor, what transgenerational issues would you want him to be aware of in order to begin developing treatment goals? Correct answer:
The family pattern of alcohol and other drug use Explanation:
The horizontal shading in the boxes indicates that Keith, his father, two uncles, and grandfather all struggled with substance use issues. Keith would benefit initially from psychoeducation regarding family history of substance abuse as a risk factor. 7. What insight could be gained regarding Sue's relationship with men? Correct answer:
Sue might have some co-dependency issues. Explanation:
The genogram indicates that Sue has married and divorced twice, both to partners with substance use; the counselor would want to be aware of the possibility that Sue might benefit from education regarding co-dependency in relationships. 8. Which of the following is NOT a transgenerational pattern for this three generational family? Correct answer:
Abuse Explanation:
While there is some evidence of conflict among a couple marital partners, there is only one indication of abuse, that of Sally to Mark. This would be an example of a transgenerational pattern in the identified client's family. 9. Which is an example of a fused or enmeshed relationship? Correct answer:
Sue and Keith Explanation:
Enmeshed or fused relationships are unhealthy close relationships, and are indicated by drawing three solid lines. 10. Which symbol in this genogram indicates that a miscarriage occurred? Correct answer:
A triangle with an 'x' in it. Explanation:
Typically, a miscarriage is drawn as a triangle with an 'x' in it. Miscarriages and stillbirths are important to a genogram as they may represent significant losses in a family and could help paint a picture as to how a family might have learned to grieve. Downloaded by Britt Robertson (britt233014@mail.com)
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Genogram 2 1. What kind of relationship does Natalie have with her daughter Maria? Correct answer:
Fused-Hostile Explanation:
A fused-hostile relationship is symbolized by a jagged line within three parallel lines. This dynamic exists for two individuals who maintain an unhealthy enmeshed relationship who are often engaged in conflict with each other. 2. Which of the following best explains the fused relationship Isabella had with Natalie? Correct answer:
The distant or poor relationship Isabella had with her husband. Explanation:
From a system's perspective, Isabella most likely turned to her daughter for comfort as a result of the poor marital relationship she had with her husband. 3. Who in this genogram is most likely the product of triangulation? Correct answer:
Maria Explanation:
Murray Bowen conceptualized a triangle as a relationship system consisting of three people where two members (usually the parental subsystem) who are experiencing an uncomfortable amount of stress in their relationship draw in a third member (usually a child) to help release emotional tension. In this case, Maria's parents have a history of conflict and appear to project their conflict onto her. Downloaded by Britt Robertson (britt233014@mail.com)
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4. If you were Natalie's therapist, which family event is least likely to explain her recent depressed mood? Correct answer:
Her father-in-law's suicide Explanation:
Natalie was enmeshed with her mother and would likely have a difficult time with her death. This would be compounded by the fact that her only daughter may be attempting to move more towards independence. It would be important for Natalie to express any feelings of loss, including the divorce as well as difficulties about her brother's cancer, whom she is close to.
5. Who is the identified client in this family? Correct answer:
Natalie Explanation:
While a family therapist might typically classify "the family" as the identified client, drawing a circle around an individual pinpoints a selected member to work with. It is likely that Natalie sought out counseling for herself or her family. 6. What members of this family have experienced cutoffs? Correct answer:
Adam and Natalie Explanation:
The only cutoff that is seen in this genogram is the divorce between Adam and Natalie. Adam and Maria have a distant or poor relationship, but there is no indication that either has decided to cut themselves off emotionally from the other. 7. Which Bowenian concept best explains the close relationship Adam had with his parents? Correct answer:
Differentiation Explanation:
Differentiation of self: refers to people’s ability to separate themselves from their family of origin without cutting themselves off from their families. Adam experience a close relationship with his parents 8. Which of the following transgenerational dynamics best explains Natalie's fused-hostile relationship with Maria? Correct answer:
Natalie's own pattern of enmeshment with her caregiver, Isabella. Explanation:
Bowen's multigenerational transmission process demonstrates how relational patterns, coping strategies, and levels of differentiation are passed on from generation to generation. 9. The following interpretations may help explain Ron's suicide, except: Correct answer:
Adam and Natalie's divorce Explanation:
It is important to consider significant dates in a Genogram, as Adam and Natalie's divorce occurred fourteen years following Ron's suicide. Perhaps not coincidentally, Ron took his life about a year following the death of Constance, which would be something to explore if you were working with Adam and his family. Downloaded by Britt Robertson (britt233014@mail.com)
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10. Which relationship in this genogram is characterized by abuse? Correct answer:
There is no indication that any abuse has occurred Explanation:
While the genogram does indicate hostility and conflicts between Natalie and Maria as well as Natalie and Adam, abuse would be indicated by drawing an arrow from the hostility towards the person who would be identified as a victim. Diagnosis Case 1 Case Study: Henry, a 13-year-old boy, comes to your office with his parents. Both parents are frustrated with Henry's behavior at home and at school. Henry has been swearing and using obscene language with other students. Henry is also very disrespectful at home to his mother and siblings. He will not do any chores or clean his room. He has frequent outbursts and blames others for his mistakes. He is a bully and has been caught spray painting signs around town. The whole family is disrupted by Henry's acting out, and his parents would like to put him in a residential program.
1. What would you do first with Henry? Correct answer:
Investigate the discipline process in the home Explanation:
You must investigate how the parents are currently responding to Henry to see how that is contributing to the behaviors. 2. What additional information do you need to formulate your initial diagnosis for Henry? Correct answer:
Duration Explanation:
You will need know the duration of his symptoms. 3. The parents report that these symptoms have been present for over a year. Based on this additional information, what would be your diagnosis for Henry? Correct answer:
Oppositional Defiant Disorder Explanation:
Henry's symptoms meet criteria for Oppositional Defiant Disorder. 4. What duration of symptoms would you expect to see with a diagnosis of Oppositional Defiant Disorder? Correct answer:
Six months 5. Which of the following behaviors would you NOT see in Oppositional Defiant Disorder? Correct answer:
Gets along with younger children Explanation:
Getting along with younger children is NOT part of the criteria for Conduct Disorder. 6. What would you do next with Henry? Downloaded by Britt Robertson (britt233014@mail.com)
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Explanation:
You should get a second opinion from a physician to rule out physical problems that might be causing difficulties. 7. Henry reports that his uncle touched him inappropriately when he was ten years old and his mother never did anything about it. You should: Correct answer:
Contact the abuse registry Explanation:
You must contact the abuse registry as it was reported to you, but do advise the mother that you are calling. 8. Using a behavioral approach to working with Henry, what would be your role? Correct answer:
To eliminate his maladaptive behaviors Explanation:
Behaviorists attempt to eliminate their clients' maladaptive behavior and replace them with new ones. 9. Using a behavioral approach, which technique below would you be utilizing? Correct answer:
Rehearsal Explanation:
Rehearsal is a behavioral technique. 10. When terminating treatment with Henry, what would be the best recommendation? Correct answer:
Group for adolescents who have been sexually traumatized Explanation:
Henry would most benefit from a group for adolescents who have been sexually abused. There is also a need for family therapy to resolve the conflicts between parents and siblings. MFT Case 1 Case Study: Your practice has grown, and more clients have made an appointment for counseling with you. Jared, a new client is considering pursuing therapy with you. Jason has been in therapy with you,
and you feel that you may have reached an impasse in counseling him. Jason has discussed the progress of his therapy and feels like he has not been making progress rapidly enough. He informs you that as he walked to his car in the supermarket parking lot, another therapist approached him, asking if he could help, because Jason appeared to be troubled. The other therapist spoke to Jason about counseling with him, if Jason felt his current counseling was not effective. Rachel informs you that she plans to move out of the area and plans to terminate counseling with you in the near future. Marjorie has been in counseling with you for approximately one year, feels comfortable talking to you and in one session, attempted to hold your hand and hug you (a male therapist). In addition to your private practice, you counsel at a local for profit corporation in their EAP program, where you supervise two other therapists. 1. You are in the first therapy session with a new client. During the initial therapy session, you inform the client about ________________, _________________, and ___________________: Downloaded by Britt Robertson (britt233014@mail.com)
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Correct answer:
Your education and qualifications; the nature of the therapeutic process; procedures and goals of therapy Explanation:
In the initial session with the client, therapists must follow ethical guidelines. The appropriate course of action for therapists to follow is to inform the client about the therapist's education, and qualifications. This may include degrees, training, certification and licensure in counseling. Therapists are to inform clients about the nature of the therapeutic process, and the procedures and goals of therapy. Therapists discuss fees and sliding fee scales, the limits of confidentiality and obtain informed consent to treat the client. At the outset of therapy, therapists explain potential risks and reasonable benefits of therapy. Therapists also explain the process of counseling, the therapist's theoretical orientation and the right to terminate therapy at any time. 2. Jared, your new client informs you that he is considering therapy with you. Jared is concerned about how counseling may affect him. Your responsibility as a therapist is (to)__________________. Correct answer:
Inform the client of the potential harms/risks and reasonable benefits of therapy Explanation:
Before proceeding with counseling, a therapist's responsibility is to inform the client of the potential harms or risks of therapy and the reasonable benefits to be expected of therapy. 3. When beginning therapy with Jared, it is your responsibility to discuss all of the following except (your) ________________: Correct answer:
Experience counseling clients, counseling policies and theoretical orientation Explanation:
When beginning therapy with a new client, it is the therapist's responsibility to discuss with the client your professional qualifications to do therapy, the therapy process and what to expect from therapy, counseling policies, theoretical orientation, the client's rights concerning confidentiality, and fee disclosure. therapists do not discuss their experience counseling others, and keep counseling session information confidential. 4. Jason informs you that he does not feel that therapy is going well and he feels that he is not making progress as rapidly as he expected. He tells you that he spoke to a therapist in a parking lot, and was told that he could begin counseling with their office, if he felt that therapy was not beneficial with you. Your policy, which you explained to Jason in the initial counseling session, is to inform the client about his _______________ Correct answer:
Ability to terminate counseling at any time Explanation:
It is a client's right to terminate therapy at any time. A therapist's responsibility is to accept the client's right to terminate therapy, discuss any closing issues with the client, and inform them that they may return to counseling with you in the future-that the door is open. Therapists must ensure that they do not abandon the client and the client is free to terminate therapy at any time. Reasonable follow up is to contact the client to ensure that the client is receiving appropriate treatment. Downloaded by Britt Robertson (britt233014@mail.com)
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5. Rachel informs you that she plans to move out of the area and will terminate counseling with you after the next session. The appropriate course of action that you should take toward her is __________________ Correct answer:
Reassurance of referral sources for further treatment Explanation:
When a client wishes to terminate counseling, the appropriate course of action is to reassure the client of referral sources for treatment. Generally, giving the client three referral sources is within the ethical standard of care. After allowing time for the client to contact a therapist in the area where he/she resides, it is reasonable to contact the client to follow up to ensure that he/she was able to find appropriate treatment. 6. Marjorie has been in counseling with you for nearly one year. She feels comfortable talking in counseling sessions with you, and freely discusses her personal and home life. She recently began asking you about your personal life. You should _____________ Correct answer:
Keep personal issues out of the counseling relationship Explanation:
Therapists are advised to not discuss issues in their personal life. Limited disclosure may be acceptable, if it is beneficial to therapy; disclosure should be very limited and the therapist should ensure that any disclosure would not harm the client. 7. You are a therapist, and supervise two other therapists as part of an EAP program. You suspect that one of the therapists you supervise may be acting questionably toward a client off the job site. A coworker has advised you that this has happened in the past, and that this is part of the job
requirement. Your primary concerns are all of the following except ____________ Correct answer:
Losing your position as supervisor Explanation:
Therapists need to be aware of statutes, case law and regulations concerning their practice. Vicarious liability statutes, case law and regulations state that employers and supervisors are held accountable/liable for their subordinate's actions. Moreover, if an employee/therapist's actions are essential to their job requirements, even though they may not occur on the job site, the employer is still held liable for such actions. A therapist's first concern is to do no harm to the client. 8. Manuel is biracial (Hispanic and Native American). In his culture, men do not seek counseling, as the norm. You have considered bringing in Manual's family for counseling with him, however you sense resistance to the idea. You should ________________. Correct answer:
Respect the cultural values of the client Explanation:
Therapists should make decisions and take actions that foster growth, rather Therapists are required to practice within the boundaries of his/her competence (education, training, licensure and certification). Therapists need to understand how to counsel multicultural clients, understand multicultural attitudes and values and incorporate multicultural techniques and interventions in therapy. Competent, ethical therapists implement treatments and techniques to benefit the client, rather than promoting the therapist's personal values. 9. Within the context of counseling, your goal with all of your clients is to _____________. Downloaded by Britt Robertson (britt233014@mail.com)
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Correct answer:
Determine the ethical course of action at all times Explanation:
Ethics is the study of what constitutes good and bad human conduct, including related actions and values. It is important for therapists to be able to apply ethics appropriately in
practice, that is, determine the appropriate response in counseling situations is critical. If the therapist should act at all, the ethical response must be determined. Codes of ethics define the role of the profession, define values and goals of the profession, define the standards that professionals and clients may expect within the realm of professional interactions, and guide conduct for the profession. 10. You explain to your client that you have a Masters Degree in counseling from an accredited university, you are licensed in the state in which you practice, and describe the certifications you hold that qualify you to provide counseling. You discuss your theoretical orientation, procedures and goals of therapy, potential harms or risks and potential reasonable benefits expected for the client from therapy, discuss the limits of confidentiality and ability to terminate therapy at any time to the client. It is appropriate to follow all of the above practices __________________. Correct answer:
At the outset of therapy Explanation:
It is appropriate at the outset of therapy to discuss your qualifications, credentials and areas of expertise to your client. It is further appropriate, at the outset of therapy to discuss your theoretical orientation, procedures and goals of therapy, counseling policies, potential risks and harms that could derive from therapy, reasonable benefits that the client may expect from therapy, the limits of confidentiality, mandatory reporting, and the ability of the client to terminate therapy at any time. The above should be discussed with clients before proceeding with
therapy. EXISTENTIAL GROUPS
Existential group work focuses on the subjective aspects of a member's experiences.
The central issues in existential group therapy and therapy are: Freedom, Responsibility, and the anxiety that accompanies being both free and responsible.
Some of the concepts of existential therapy in a group setting are:
1. The meaning of death is a productive focus for group sessions, for from the concept of death do we realize the meaning of living.
2. "We have to learn to stand alone before we can stand beside anyone."
3. "If it does not kill me, it can only make me stronger." 4. People become what they choose to become. The focus is on our potential to find our own way, and the search for identity and self-actualization.
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5. Existential crises are seen as a part of living and not something to be remedied. These crises frequently concern the meaning of life, anxiety and guilt, recognition of one's aloneness, the awareness of death and finality, and the fear of choosing and accepting responsibility for one's choices. The "crisis" is necessarily pathological - it can be externally alleviated, lived through, and understood in the context of a group.
6. Group leaders become "active agents" in the group.
7. Existential therapy is best considered as an invitation to members to recognize the ways in which they are not living fully authentic lives and to make choices that will lead them to become what they are capable of being.
8. Existential groups do not focus on curing sickness or merely providing problem-solving techniques for the complexities of real life. - Defense Mechanisms :
1. Repression- Unacceptable feelings are sent to the unconscious
2. Altruism- Helping others to avoid unacceptable personal feelings
3. Humor- Uncomfortable feelings are expressed in a humorous method 4. Sublimation- Modifies unacceptable feelings to be more socially acceptable 5. Suppression- Unacceptable feelings are not dealt with 6. Acting Out- Behaving in a socially unacceptable way to avoid feelings 7. Splitting- Separating into two opposite constructs 8. Regression- Reverting back to an earlier self 9. Denial- Refusing to accept reality 10. Rationalization- Converting an unacceptable outcome into a reasonable explanation 11. Reaction Formation- Converting unacceptable feelings into their opposite 12. Projection- Attributing unacceptable feelings to others 13. Displacement- Feelings are redirected at others to releave tension created by those feelings 14. Identification- Acting like someone else 15. Intellectualization- Thinking rather than feeling Downloaded by Britt Robertson (britt233014@mail.com)
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16. Dissociation- Removing one's self from emotions 17. Undoing- Acting in a right way to reverse wrong behavior 1. Counselor self-disclosure should be used:
Correct answer:
For the benefit of the client only
Explanation:
It is appropriate to use counselor self-disclosure as long as it is used sparingly and for the benefit of the client only.
2. Qualitative methods of gathering data do NOT include:
Correct answer:
Surveys
Explanation:
Qualitative methods include interviews, observation, focus groups, textual or visual analysis, and meetings.
3. The ‘S’ and 'C' in ESCAPE, as it pertains to the four major investments therapists must make in demonstrating cultural competence is:
Correct answer:
Sensitivity to culture
Explanation:
The four major investments therapists must make in order to maintain cultural competence includes engagement with families and process, sensitivity to culture, awareness of family potential, and knowledge of the environment.
4. Which best describes the criteria for Schizophreniform Disorder?
Your answer:
An episode (including prodromal, active, and residual phases) lasting at least one month but less than six months
Correct answer:
An episode (including prodromal, active, and residual phases) lasting at least one month but less than six months
5. What theory would say that human behavior is purposeful and originates from within the individual, rather than from external forces?
Correct answer:
Control theory
Explanation:
According to Glasser, all behavior is an attempt to satisfy powerful forces within ourselves. He argues that regardless of our circumstances, all we do, think, and feel is always our
best attempt at the time to satisfy the forces within us.
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6. The view of human nature according to Existential theory is that:
Correct answer:
People are the authors of their lives
Explanation:
For Existential theory, people are responsible for and live by the choices they make and the action that goes with choices.
An existential approach to the resolution of family problems focuses more on the present than on
the past. This is neither to deny the importance of past experiences (which 'live on' in our present
existence) nor to see as unimportant, hopes, fears, and expectations about the future.. It is concerned both about helping the future to have a past and with 'the future becoming present' as the primary tense of existential therapy.
According to Bowen's theory, differentiation is the ability to balance the intrapsychic and interpersonal dimensions of the self (Bowen, 1978). With respect to intrapsychic functioning, differentiation refers to the ability to distinguish feelings from intellectual processes and to decide which of the two takes precedence in a given situation. With respect to interpersonal functioning, differentiation refers to the ability to experience both intimacy and autonomy in social relationships and balance them appropriately. Theoretically, at least four factors influence a person's level of differentiation: emotional reactivity, emotional cutoff, fusion with others, and the ability to take an "I-position
1.
Reflection is designed to:
Correct answer:
Expand comprehension
Explanation:
Reflecting is defined as thinking seriously or contemplating on or upon something. However, reflecting can also be thought of as casting blame or discredit on or upon. Most therapists attend to the first definition by using reflection as an opportunity to
offer new and multiple perspectives to clients by sharing their thoughts about clients' problems and successes.
2.
Transactional analysis (TA ) is set apart from most other approaches in that it is:
Correct answer:
Contractual and decisional
Explanation:
TA is set apart from most other therapeutic approaches in that it is contractual and decisional. The contract, which is developed by the client, clearly states the goals and direction of the therapeutic process. Clients in TA establish their goals and direction and describe how they will be different when they complete their contract. The contractual aspect of the therapy process tends to equalize the power of the therapist and the client. It is the responsibility of clients to decide what they will change. To turn their desires into reality, clients are required to actively change their behavior.
3.
What points are Erikson's developmental theory based on?
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Correct answer:
Psychosocial crises
4.
The theory of multiple intelligences was developed by:
Correct answer:
Howard Gardner
Explanation:
Howard Gardner proposed the theory of multiple intelligences, which describes eight independent types of intelligences, including musical-rhythmic, visual-spatial, verbal-
linguistic, logical-mathematical, bodily-kinesthetic, interpersonal, intrapersonal, and naturalistic.
5.
Your patient, Sam, has come to you because she wants to, in her words, "stop being a lesbian". What stage of her sexual orientation is she dealing with?
Your answer:
Identity acceptance
Correct answer:
Identity tolerance
Explanation:
The identity tolerance stage of sexual orientation is the stage at which a homosexual person will often attempt to deny his/her feelings or rebel against them.
6.
A particular strength of Hispanic/Latino families is:
Correct answer:
Collectivist culture
Explanation:
The Hispanic/Latino population tends to view their collectivistic culture, which sees accomplishments as being dependent on the outcomes of others, as an asset to the family.
7.
Carter and McGoldrick's life-cycle model was developed with which type of family in mind?
Correct answer:
Middle-class intact nuclear family
Explanation:
Six-stage life-cycle model uses the middle-class nuclear family as the norm; however, it is important for therapists to keep in mind the implications of this model when it comes to other family types or differences, such as ethnicity, disability, poverty, and other unique
situations.
8.
When does a boy have his first ejaculation?
Correct answer:
When his seminal vesicles and prostate start working properly
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9.
A taxonomic survey is where:
Correct answer:
People are mathematically compared after being put into assigned groups
10. Passion, intimacy, and commitment belong to ____________'s love theory.
Correct answer:
Sternberg
11. __________ is most closely associated with contributions to the treatment of alcoholism.
Correct answer:
Menninger
Explanation:
Dr. Karl Menninger, founder of the Menninger Clinic in Kansas
12. Systems theory suggests that which ideal state be achieved in the treatment of substance abuse?
Correct answer:
Homeostasis
Explanation:
In contrast, some types of family systems therapy regard substance abuse as a symptom of an underlying pathology at work in the family. This approach seeks to restructure the family and the maladaptive behaviors which contribute to (or encourage) the client's substance abuse (Keller et al., 1997).
13. Grady is convinced someone is breaking into his apartment whenever he steps out for groceries or to go to work. He finds marks on the baseboards where he believes someone is leaving marks on the walls, his evidence of invasion. Grady has had these fears over the past month, along with weight loss, fatigue, sadness, and overwhelmedness. Grady feels hopeless about his current situation and does not know what to do. Grady's symptoms are consistent with a diagnosis of:
Correct answer:
Major Depressive Disorder, single episode, with mood-incongruent psychotic features
Explanation:
Grady is experiencing a major depressive episode (weight loss, fatigue, sadness, overwhelm, confusion), and has psychotic features that are not congruent with his mood.
14. Tricyclic antidepressants and SSRIs have side effects that are:
Correct answer:
Usually different from one another
Explanation:
Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) generally have fewer side effects Downloaded by Britt Robertson (britt233014@mail.com)
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than tricyclics and are generally safer to take. The potential side effects of TCAs and SSRIs are also usually different from each other.
15. Antidepressant medications currently used for the treatment of Major Depressive Disorder do NOT include:
Correct answer:
Benzodiazepines
Explanation:
A number or medications have been designed for the treatment of major depression. These antidepressants include but are not limited to SSRI's (selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors), tricyclics, and MAOI's (monoamine oxidase inhibitors). Benzodiazepines are medications used to treat anxiety issues.
16. Dan is a 9-year-old, and about 7 months ago he developed a facial grimace. Since that time, he obsessively touches his knee, as if possessed by a motor. The behavior is enough to be disruptive in the classroom. He attempts to cope by making it a joke, but he is not laughing. He feels helpless and hopeless to make it different. The more he tries the more out of control he feels. Dan's presentation is consistent with:
Correct answer:
Provisional Tic Disorder
Explanation:
Dan's presentation is consistent with Provisional Tic Disorder, with a two motor tics, which could be Persistent (Chronic) Motor or Vocal Tic Disorder, with motor tics only, except the duration is for less than one year, making it a Provisional Tic Disorder.
17. Tabatha is 11 and in the fifth grade. Her speech is difficult to comprehend, especially when her words are multi-syllabic. She has a vocabulary of approximately 400 words, and she can print her full name, as well as re-copy anything she dictates to the teacher's aide. She can count to 20 and can do some basic addition and subtraction. She can also grasp science concepts when repeated 2-3 times per week for 2-3 weeks. Otherwise, the concepts are lost within a month. Tabatha makes positive eye contact and other basic social skills, but she tends to play and eat lunch alone. Tabatha's mother has been active with her since difficulties were apparent around age 4 and is concerned with how Tabatha
will be impacted by puberty. Tabatha's presentation is consistent with:
Correct answer:
Intellectual Disability (Intellectual Developmental Disorder)
Explanation:
Tabatha's presentation is consistent with Intellectual Disability (Intellectual Developmental Disorder), with difficulties in both intellectual and adaptive functioning.
ERIKSON'S STAGES OF PSYCHOSOCIAL DEVELOPMENT
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1. Trust vs. Mistrust (birth to age 1 and a half): basic sense of safety (adequate resolution) vs. insecurity, anxiety (inadequate resolution).
2. Autonomy vs. Self Doubt (age 1 and a half to 3): perception of self as agent capable of controlling own body and making things happen (adequate resolution) vs. feelings of inadequacy
to control events (inadequate resolution).
3. Initiative vs. Guilt (age 3 to 6): confidence in oneself as initiator, creator (adequate resolution) vs. feelings of lack of self worth (inadequate resolution).
4. Competence vs. Inferiority (age 6 to puberty): adequacy in basic and social intellectual skills (adequate resolution) vs. lack of self confidence, feelings of failure (inadequate resolution).
5. Identity vs. Role Confusion (adolescence): comfortable sense of self as a person (adequate resolution) vs. sense of self as fragmented; shifting, unclear sense of self (inadequate resolution).
6. Intimacy vs. Isolation (early adulthood): capacity for closeness and commitment to another (adequate resolution) vs. feeling of aloneness, separation; denial of need for closeness (inadequate resolution).
7. Generativity vs. Stagnation (middle adulthood): focus on concern beyond oneself to family, society, future generations (adequate resolution) vs. self indulgent concerns; lack of future orientation (inadequate resolution).
8. Ego Integrity vs. Despair (late adulthood): sense of wholeness, basic satisfaction with life (adequate resolution) vs. feelings of futility, disappointment (inadequate resolution). 1. Charlotte, age 50, is a lawyer and made partner younger than anyone in the firm's history. She is the only female partner. She is known for managing multiple cases at one time, having exemplary outcomes, but never being satisfied with the quality of her work. Her spouse is tired of her stubborn perfectionism and demands she seek treatment. During the assessment, you discover very few administrative assistants ever work for her any extended time because of Charlotte's critical nature and complete intolerance for mistakes. She is not satisfied by subordinate's work and often corrects briefs and other documents. Projects get delayed, and Charlotte cannot handle that, so she makes demanding schedules she cannot keep, though not for
any lack of effort on her part. When asked about her spouse and children, Charlotte describes them as "proper, capable, and good." She voices loved for them, but conveys no obvious emotion. You assess:
Correct answer:
Obsessive-compulsive Personality Disorder
Explanation:
Charlotte has Obsessive-compulsive Personality Disorder. She does not engage in violating the rights of others (Antisocial Personality Disorder), she does not demand admiration or engage in grandiosity (Narcissistic Personality Disorder), and while she does not seem to feel "good enough" in her pursuit of unrealistic ideals and perfectionism, she does not have fears of judgment and social inhibition (Avoidant Personality Disorder).
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2. Annie has great difficulty keeping friends. She is an incessant flirt, and her friends always believe she is out to get their spouses or significant others. Annie's wardrobe does not help. She likes to wear flamboyant clothing and is always pushing the envelope, low-cut shirts of flimsy material and micro minis without modesty. It takes very little to get her going if she believes something will gain her points with a crowd, like dancing on the bar or propositioning a stranger,
and very little suggestion to get her involved in something like a pyramid scheme. Annie is up and down, often angry and upset, then immediately ecstatic and jubilant. She has difficulty drawing boundaries, often considering friendships to be closer or more intimate than they actually are, leaving her open to being exploited. Annie's presentation is consistent with: Correct answer:
Histrionic Personality Disorder
Explanation:
Annie is excessively emotional and attention seeking, consistent with Histrionic Personality Disorder. Avoiding abandonment motivates Borderline Personality Disorder, not being center-stage or the life of the party. Narcissistic individuals would never allow themselves to be seen in a poor light, always needing to be admired and presenting in a grandiose way. Dependent individuals do not want attention, preferring a docile approach.
3. Preoccupation with order, inability to shed insignificant items, miserly spending habits, inability to delegate, inflexible, and inability to enjoy friendships because of devotion to tasks are
all symptoms consistent with:
Correct answer:
Obsessive-compulsive Personality Disorder
Explanation:
Preoccupation with order, inability to shed insignificant items, miserly spending habits, inability to delegate, inflexible, and inability to enjoy friendships because of devotion to tasks are all symptoms consistent with Obsessive-compulsive Personality Disorder. Obsessive-
compulsive Disorder involves anxiety about behaviors, not a world view of perfectionism and control to the exclusion of flexibility and efficiency.
4. Which is NOT a clinical feature of personality disorders?
Correct answer:
Tend to be passive and shy in relating to others
Explanation:
Those with personality disorders tend not to be shy and passive, on the other hand they tend be aggressive and manipulating.
5. Brief Psychotic Disorder symptoms do NOT typically include:
Correct answer:
Paranoia
Explanation:
Paranoia is not a symptom of Brief Psychotic Disorder and is instead more associated with Schizophrenia.
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6. Psychosis does NOT include which symptom?
Correct answer:
Compulsive behavior such as drug addiction
Explanation:
Drug addiction might accompany psychosis for self medicating, but it is not a direct symptom of it.
7. 30-year-old Jill has the presence of one or more delusions lasting one month or longer and criteria A for Schizophrenia have not been met. Her symptoms are consistent with:
Correct answer:
Delusional Disorder
Explanation:
Delusional Disorder has the symptom of delusions not attributable to the physiological affects of a substance or other medical condition.
8. 27-year-old Virginia has been experiencing the symptoms of grossly disorganized or catatonic behavior, disorganized speech, and hallucination for at least 6 months. Her symptoms are consistent with:
Correct answer:
Schizophrenia
9. Mutism, posturing, and waxy flexibility all describe what type of symptom in the Schizophrenia spectrum?
Correct answer:
Catatonic
10. Joe explained a "pervasive pattern of instability of interpersonal relationships and frantic efforts to avoid real or imagined abandonment". Based on these two symptoms along with impulsivity, what could be his diagnosis?
Correct answer:
Borderline Personality Disorder
11. Which of the following is true of Schizoaffective Disorder?
Correct answer:
A major mood episode must be present for the majority of the illness concurrent with Criterion A of Schizophrenia
Explanation:
In order to diagnose Schizoaffective Disorder, there must be a period of illness in which there is a major mood episode (major depressive or manic) concurrent with Criterion A of Schizophrenia (at least two of the following are experienced for at least one month: delusions, hallucinations, disorganized speech, disorganized or catatonic behavior, or negative symptoms like avolition).
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12. What is the difference between Schizophreniform Disorder and Schizophrenia?
Correct answer:
Duration of Schizophreniform Disorder is between one and six months, whereas the duration of Schizophrenia is at least six months
Explanation:
Schizophreniform Disorder mirrors Schizophrenia with the exception of duration. The duration of symptoms is between one and six months, with a minimum of one month, unless
medical intervention is made to curtail symptoms. Schizophreniform Disorder impacts an individual's behavior, cognitions, emotions, perceptions, and interactions with others. The individual struggles to tell reality from non-reality. Symptoms include a combination of delusions, disorganized speech, hallucinations, Catatonia or grossly disorganized behavior, and negative symptoms, such as poor personal hygiene, lacking motivation, isolating, limited emotional expression, anhedonia, and avolition.
13. Which is NOT a symptom of Schizotypal Personality Disorder?
Correct answer:
Manic episode
Explanation:
Manic episodes are part of the criteria for Bipolar I Disorder; they do not appear in
Schizotypal Personality Disorder.
14. A 44-year-old female presents for help with sex in her marriage. She reports an inability to have an orgasm with her spouse for many years. She suffers from both anxiety and depression and takes a SSRI to control symptoms. She believed part of her issue is related to her medication.
As a result, she began having an affair with another man, with whom she is able to orgasm easily.
The woman desires to improve her sex life with her spouse and to terminate the affair. The scenario is consistent with a diagnosis of:
Correct answer:
Female Orgasmic Disorder
Explanation:
The scenario is consistent with Female Orgasmic Disorder, with the woman unable
to have an orgasm with her spouse (situational), but able to orgasm with another partner. The symptoms have been present for more than 6 months and caused her to step outside the marital relationship. There are not sufficient symptoms for a diagnosis of Histrionic Personality Disorder. She has sufficient desire, only inability to orgasm in her primary relationship.
15. Sexual dysfunction present since an individual has been sexually active is specified as:
Correct answer:
Lifelong
Explanation:
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occurs in the context of one situation (masturbation, partnered) or with one partner and not another. Generalized dysfunction is present across all contexts, partners, and settings.
16. A 13-year-old girl presents at a major university hospital, struggling with a variety of symptoms. She is bedridden, complaining of pain, gastric upsets, and neurological issues. She receives consults for allergy, audiology, infections disease, hematology, immunology, neurology, oncology, ophthalmology, pain management, and physical therapy. An extensive diagnostic report indicates negative results in all areas. A recommendation is made for a psychiatric work up
to determine if there are psychiatric confounding issues or a Conversion Disorder. The mom does
not want psychiatric services, and she is limitedly cooperative with the other specialties. The recommendation is made to transfer the girl to an inpatient psychiatric hospital. The mom refuses. At the same time, the treatment team receives information the girl has been to multiple major medical centers in several states with a similar presentation over the past year. Before the medical staff can take further steps, the mom signs the girl out against medical advice. The case is consistent with a diagnosis of:
Correct answer:
Factitious Disorder Imposed on Another
17. Linda rushed her two children to the emergency room. Both had severe flu-like symptoms. The children, daughter age four and son nine months, both tested positive for E. coli. Linda's daughter was treated, fully recovered, and was released. However, the son's condition got worse. He was placed in the ICU. Over the following three months, he contracted 10 bacterial infections. The medical staff could not understand how he was getting the infections and became suspicious. They began to observe Linda, even installing a camera in the room, which revealed Linda placing something in her son's IV. The staff's suspicion was confirmed, consistent with a diagnosis of:
Correct answer:
Factitious Disorder Imposed on Another
Explanation:
Linda demonstrates a diagnosis of Factitious Disorder Imposed on Another, making her son sick and getting medical attention in return. Malingering implies Linda is faking symptoms herself for some tangible gain. Conversion Disorder indicates functional physical or neurological impairment that cannot be explained, but that is not falsified.
18. Which of the following is NOT a specifier for Conversion Disorder (Functional Neurological Symptom Disorder)?
Kenny has had a problem with gambling for many years, causing his wife to divorce him, loss of his security clearance, loss of his career, and left him in financial difficulties. Kenny entered treatment and has not gambled or had his thoughts centered on gambling for more than 10 months. Kenny has reconnected with his spouse and they are beginning to rebuild their relationship. He is able to be honest with her and friends about his past behaviors. Though he cannot return to his former line of work, he is in related work and finding success in rebuilding his financial life. The diagnosis most consistent with Kenny's presentation is:
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Correct answer:
Gambling Disorder, in early remission
Explanation:
Early remission is considered 3-12 months, so Kenny is experiencing remission from Gambling behavior during this timeframe, leading his diagnosis to be Gambling Disorder, in early remission.
19. When evaluating for Inhalant Use Disorder, within what time frame must symptoms occur?
Correct answer:
12 months
Explanation:
Inhalant Use Disorder considers symptoms present over the course of one year.
20. How many symptoms must accompany functional impairment in the use of opioids to
diagnose Opioid Use Disorder?
Correct answer:
2
Explanation:
Opioid Use Disorder requires 2 of 11 criterion be present over the course of a year.
21. Halley was robbed at gunpoint. In the following months, she looked over her shoulder
and was vigilant day and night. Halley was irritable and struggled to relax. Halley's symptoms are consistent with:
Correct answer:
Adjustment Disorder, with anxiety
Explanation:
Halley's symptoms are consistent with an Adjustment Disorder. While her symptoms are significant, the constellation of symptoms is insufficient to document Posttraumatic Stress Disorder, and the duration is beyond Acute Stress Disorder, while the symptoms are insufficient for this diagnosis as well.
22. Ellen presents in the emergency room following an auto accident. She does not appear to be injured, but is transported because Ellen is hysterical. Ellen's toxicology screen is negative. Ellen sobs and appears highly agitated following the collision. Her
family is able to be located, and they report that her current behavior is highly inconsistent with her usual presentation as a professional speaker and trainer. The best
diagnosis for Ellen is:
Correct answer:
Unspecified Trauma- and Stressor-Related Disorder
Explanation:
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least three days, and Posttraumatic Stress Disorder symptoms must be present for 30 days.
23. The five categories of symptoms associated with Acute Stress Disorder are:
Correct answer:
Intrusion, negative mood, dissociation, avoidance, and arousal
24. A child who may have a diagnosis consistent with Reactive Attachment Disorder must have attained a developmental age of _______ because the child must be able to
form selective attachments.
Correct answer:
9 months
Explanation:
A child must have a developmental age of at least 9 months because the
child must be able to engage selective attachment.
25. Which psychosexual stage includes either Oedipal or Electra complexes?
Correct answer:
Phallic
Explanation:
The phallic stage occurs at 3 to 6 years of age and is and includes fixations that are either Oedipal for males or Electra for females. Freud suggested that
both are in love with opposite sex parent but are intimidated by sexual organs of same
sex parent.
26. Which cognitive-developmental stage is characterized by make-believe play?
Correct answer:
Preoperational
Explanation:
During the preoperational stage, young children are able to think about things symbolically, their language use becomes more mature, and they are able to increase their capacity for memory and imagination.
27. Explain "prescribing the symptom".
Correct answer:
Encouraging the client to engage in the symptoms that they are currently experiencing
Explanation:
Paradoxical interventions involve prescribing the very symptom the client wants to resolve. It's a complex concept often equated with reverse psychology. For example: the client fears failure, so the therapist asks the client to fail at something. A man has problems with procrastination, so the therapist asks him to schedule one hour a day to procrastinate.
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28. You are a behavioral therapist seeing a couple, Bill, and Shirley. They've been married for a year now. He's fed up with her sticking to her family like a magnet -- especially Mom, with whom Shirley is always on the phone to, seeking advice and then coming to decisions contrary to what she and her husband have already settled on. Which would be the most likely thing that you would do?
Correct answer:
I would ask Shirley to record how many times a day she talks to her mother
Explanation:
Goals of Behavioral Therapy is: 1.are very specific and limited, 2.are unconcerned
with system's change or growth, 3.are tailor fit to each family, 4.are designed to increase positive and incompatible behavior, 5.often begin with redefinition of the problem in terms of specific behaviors or conditions, or in terms of positive behaviors to teach 6.often include teaching skills and fostering conscious understanding
29. "I should not feel so angry at my husband" is an example of which type of automatic thought?
Correct answer:
Shoulding on yourself
Explanation:
"Shoulds" or "shoulding on oneself" describes self-condemnation by a partner for for not living up to unrealistic expectations in a relationship..
30. Conflicts between the top dog and the underdog is the focus of which theory?
Correct answer:
Gestalt
Explanation:
The topdog-underdog term was coined by Gestalt founder Fritz Perls. The topdog describes the part of a person which makes demands based on the idea that the person should adhere to certain societal norms. The underdog describes the part of a person which makes excuses as to why these demands should not be met.
31. Judith had been one of Dr. Bernbaum's family therapy students for half a year when Dr. Berbaum suggested to Judith that she could really use some therapy herself. Judith thought this made sense, and wanted to know if Dr. Bernbaum would be her therapist. What would be the best course of action for Dr. Bernbaum?
Correct answer:
Dr. Bernbaum could decline, since this would be unethical
32. Of Diana Baumrind's prototypical parenting styles, which does she feel will produce children who will be assertive, self-confident and earn high scores in school?
Correct answer:
Authoritative
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33. Edward is a Native American student attending a high school with mostly Caucasian students. He finds himself adopting slang terms and attitudes expressed by his classmates, but he also notices that his close friends are showing more interest in his Native culture. What is this called?
Correct answer:
Acculturation
Explanation:
Acculturation is the process by which two different cultural groups in constant first-hand contact directly alter one another while still allowing each group to remain distinct and intact.
34. Which approach is most synonymous with psychotherapy?
Correct answer:
Mental health counseling
Explanation:
Mental health counseling is more closely aligned with psychotherapy, as both emphasize the diagnosis and remediation of psychopathology, while counseling is a helping approach focused on more developmental issues.
35. According to the ABCX Model of a family's adjustment to a crisis, the “A” in the model refers to:
Correct answer:
The crisis or stressor event
Explanation:
The ABCX Model of a crisis emphasizes that the same type of event may be handled differently by different families. In the model, “A” refers to the stressor event that happens to the family, “B” represents the resources at the family’s disposal, “C” represents the meaning or interpretation the family attaches to the experience, and “X” is the combined effect of these factors, or the totality of the crisis.
36. After two years of therapy, an elementary school age child is taken from his biological parents for suspected child abuse and placed in the custody of a legal guardian. The guardian asks to see your notes on the child. What should the therapist do?
Correct answer:
Make your notes available to the legal guardian of the child
Explanation:
Therapists work to establish, as appropriate, collaborative relationships with parents/guardians to best serve clients.
37. According to Existential thought, it is necessary to think about _____ if we are to think significantly about life.
Correct answer:
Death
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38. A Bowenian is treating Mr. and Mrs. Nickels and their 9-year-old son, Steven. The Nickels might expect their family therapist to do all, EXCEPT:
Correct answer:
Exacerbate, and thus resolve, emotional tension by becoming caught up in the family's emotional system
Explanation:
The answer would be more in line with a Structural or Strategic family therapist. Bowenian trained therapists are interested in improving the intergenerational transmission process. The focus within this approach is consistent whether the therapist is working with an individual, a couple or the entire family. It is assumed that improvement in overall functioning will ultimately reduce the family member's symptomatology.
39. In Structural family therapy, the type of joining in which a therapist simulates the mannerism of a family member, is called:
Correct answer:
Mimesis
Explanation:
Mimesis occurs when the therapist adjusts the manner or content of his or her communications or behaviors to become more like the family.
40. Which response is an example of reflecting meaning?
Correct answer:
"Sounds like making amends with your son is essential for moving forward."
Explanation:
Reflection of meaning is a verbal response that conveys understanding of what may be important or of value to a client.
41. Narrative therapy has been criticized for allowing the formulation of new stories that:
Correct answer:
Minimize family violence
42. The intent of "advocacy consultation" is:
Correct answer:
Direct face-to-face work with disenfranchised groups to facilitate their reaching their goals
43. Which type of first-responder is specially trained to conduct sexual assault exams for rape victims?
Correct answer:
SANE Nurse
Explanation:
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forensic nurses who have received special training to conduct sexual assault evidentiary exams for rape victims. Many SANE programs are found in hospitals and rape crisis centers.
44. Popular programs for prevention of divorce do NOT include:
Correct answer:
Strategic couples therapy
Explanation:
Strategic therapy is considered a major family therapy intervention rather than a preventative approach.
45. Pointing out the discrepancy between a client's words, such as "I'm fine" and their behaviors, such as an angry tone in their voice, is an example of:
Correct answer:
Confronting
Explanation:
Confronting is an advanced challenging skill that gently points out discrepancies between clients' words, feelings, goals, and behaviors.
46. A major technique used by Bowenians to explain emotional processes involved in modifying key triangles in families is known as:
Correct answer:
Relationship experiments
47. The Jacksons are a blended family with children in the home. You discover that Mr. Jackson does not know the birthdays of his stepchildren or even their ages. In regard to his stepchildren, he is:
Correct answer:
Disengaged
Explanation:
The first two years of stepfamily life is generally the most stressful. Many stepfathers become disengaged; others step in too soon, and take the role of Father with little discussion. Those who focus on developing friendships first "continuous affinity seekers", fare best when they choose activities chosen by the stepchild, as recognition of the stepchild's power. The remarried parent and the nonresidential father can have a profound effect on relationships. The best model is "friends first", go slowly, and then proceed to "high warmth" (quasi-kin) with less discipline. Key is to function like a parent, but to realize you are not a parent.
48. According to Kohlberg, when moral decisions are based on peer group expectations, the morality level is:
Correct answer:
Conventional
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49. What TA ego state resembles the Id?
Correct answer:
Child (natural child) Little Professor
50. Therapists must know and understand the Code of Ethics and:
Correct answer:
Other applicable ethics codes from professional associations for which they belong
Explanation:
A lack of knowledge or misunderstanding of an ethical responsibility is
not a defense against a charge of unethical conduct.
51. Directing a couple to make a concrete plan in which one partner agrees to increase the
amount of date nights at home in exchange for more date nights out in public refers to:
Correct answer:
Contingency contracting
Explanation:
Contingency contracting is a procedure in which a specific contract describes the terms for the exchange of behaviors and reinforcers between two or more individuals.
52. You are working with a student who is having a difficult time dealing with her anger and hostility. Her father is an alcoholic and you suspect that he has been physically abusing the daughter and her mother. During therapy she seems to be de-escalating her anger and acting out but has told you in this session that she is planning to stab her father in the back and kill him while he is sleeping. As a therapist, what might you
do?
Correct answer:
Reasonably attempt to warn her family about the possible danger
Explanation:
Only if one's state law allows for this, the psychotherapist should always consider treatment as the first option. These laws do not require that the psychotherapist make a call to the intended victim and to the police the moment a client discloses such a threat. We are to conduct a thorough risk assessment, address these issues in the treatment plan, and work to address underlying issues, in an effort to prevent the harm from occurring, and thus, to prevent the need to breach confidentiality.
53. Methods of monitoring client progress in substance abuse treatment include the following, EXCEPT:
Correct answer:
Intake screening tools
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Explanation:
Substance abuse screening tools are utilized at intake to assess if a substance abuse
problem exists.
54. A father is directed to wash the dishes with his son each night so mom and daughter can spend more quality time together, rather than mom and daughter arguing about chores. This is an example of which strategic family therapy technique?
Correct answer:
Directive
Explanation:
Directives are instructions for a family to behave differently, through suggestions, homework, and assigned behaviors.
55. When the demands of the environment initiates a change in a child's behavior, there is
a resulting change in that child's mental structures. Piaget referred to this process using which of the following terms?
Correct answer:
Accommodation
56. A Milan therapy technique in which a therapist contacts a family to further reinforce a
directive provided in the previous session is known as:
Correct answer:
Paradoxical letters
Explanation:
Paradoxical letters are designed to give specific prescriptions to each member in a letter format.
57. You're trying to help the Sexton family "re-author" their bleak lives. Father is off on some story about a problem the family has been having. Now, what do you ask?
Correct answer:
"How do you figure in this story?"
Explanation:
Re-authoring conversations (Epston & White, 1990) are a key feature in the practice of narrative therapy. Re-authoring conversations invite the client to help flush out some of the most neglected areas and events of their lives (often covered over by the problem story being told). These may include: achievements under duress, survival skills growing up, and qualities of themselves left out of their story such as generosity, ethical stances, and kindness etc. These are very often stories
that could not have been predicted through a telling of the dominant problem story being told. These untold stories can be sadly neglected in the telling of the problem story - by both client and the professionals involved with the client's story.
58. "You never listen to me!" is an example of which type of automatic thought?
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Correct answer:
All or nothing thinking
Explanation:
All or nothing thinking occurs when an individual describes interactions or behaviors as being all good or all bad without examining the possibility that some experiences with their partner are positive.
59. Which brief symptom inventory includes global indices of severity, positive symptom
distress, and positive symptom total?
Correct answer:
Symptom Check List (SCL-90-R)
Explanation:
The Symptom Check List is a 90-item test that assess for mental health symptoms as well as their intensity. It is designed for clients 13 years and older and takes less than 15 minutes to complete. Subscales include somatization, obsessive compulsive, interpersonal sensitivity, depression, anxiety, hostility, phobic anxiety, paranoid ideation, and psychoticism.
60. False memory syndrome in cases of adults who were abused as children:
Correct answer:
Has much to do with controversial therapeutic interventions, such as hypnosis, probing questions, and use of sedatives
Explanation:
False memory syndrome is a condition in which a person's identity and interpersonal relationships center on a memory of a traumatic experience that is objectively false but that the person strongly believes occurred. The use of recovered memory therapy is believed to create false memories and false memory syndrome and includes methods such as hypnosis, sedatives and probing questions.
61. The least effective mode to use with a 6-year-old whose sibling has died is:
Correct answer:
Discussion
Explanation:
Play therapy is a better mode in children.
62. Maladaptive behavior, according to the humanistic perspective, derives from:
Correct answer:
Stunted or distorted personal development
Explanation:
Humanistic psychologists believe that an individual's behavior is connected to their inner feelings and self-concept. Humanistic psychologists study how people are influenced by their self-perceptions and the personal meanings attached to their experiences. Humanistic psychologists are not primarily concerned with instinctual drives, responses to external stimuli, or past experiences. Rather, they
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consider conscious choices, responses to internal needs, and current circumstances to be important in shaping human behavior.
63. Therapists have a tendency to use the same research and therapeutic methods when dealing with any cultural population. What is this called?
Correct answer:
Eurocentric bias
Explanation:
Eurocentric bias is prevalent in today's psychological world. Many therapists maintain the bias that traditional Western psychology methods are universally effective.
64. An event or situation that is perceived to be unbearable and which also exceeds an individual's resources and coping mechanisms is considered a
Correct answer:
Crisis
Explanation:
A crisis is defined as an individual's perception of an event or situation as an intolerable difficulty that exceeds the person's resources and coping mechanisms.
65. Which is a disorder listed in the DSM-5 under the category of Somatic Symptom and Related Disorders?
Correct answer:
Illness Anxiety Disorder
Explanation:
Disorders with prominent somatic symptoms constitute a new category in DSM-5 called "Somatic Symptom and Related Disorders". These include the diagnoses of Somatic Symptom Disorder, Illness Anxiety Disorder, Conversion Disorder (Functional Neurological Symptom Disorder), Psychological Factors Affecting Other Medical Conditions, Factitious Disorder, Other Specified Somatic Symptom and Related Disorder, and Unspecified Somatic Symptom and Related Disorder.
66. You are hired to study the drug habits of ex-convicts. Ethically, you are obliged to:
Correct answer:
Destroy every bit of information that might identify the individual by name
67. According to Freud, which part of the mind contains hidden memories?
Correct answer:
Preconscious
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Explanation:
The preconscious mind is similar to an iceberg under water. It contains hidden memories and forgotten experiences.
68. If you were a fan of Glasser, your relationship with your client in the area of decision-
making would be:
Correct answer:
Equal
Explanation:
Nearly every form and variation of psychology is based on the theory that all people are born with specific basic needs that if left unmet, lead to disharmony or disturbance. Reality Therapy classifies these five needs in this manner:
1) Power - A sense of winning, or achieving, or a sense of self-worth. 2) Love and Belonging - To a family, to a community, or to other loved ones. 3) Freedom - To be independent, maintain your personal space, autonomy. 4) Fun - To achieve satisfaction, enjoyment and a sense of pleasure. 5) Survival - Basic needs of shelter, survival, food, sexual fulfillment. The fact that everyone is at all times striving to meet these basic needs is at the heart of Reality Therapy.
69. Which brief measure includes the subscales of symptom distress, interpersonal relationships, and social role performance?
Correct answer:
Outcome questionnaire
Explanation:
The Outcome Questionnaire (OQ-45.2) has a total of 45 items and takes less than five minutes to complete.
70. ______________ is the period after the loss of a loved one by death during which grief is experienced.
Correct answer:
Bereavement
Explanation:
Bereavement refers to the time spent mourning a loss, while mourning refers to the process by which a person adapts to a loss.
71. Transcrisis points typically occur:
Correct answer:
Frequently, yet in unpredictable intervals within a therapeutic intervention
Explanation:
Transcrisis points tend to occur frequently, yet in unpredictable ways within treatment. They are viewed as critical benchmarks during the process of therapeutic growth.
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72. The difference between the goal of family therapy vs. crisis intervention is:
Correct answer:
Improving long-term family functioning vs. pre-crisis functioning
Explanation:
A major difference between family therapy and crisis intervention involves the primary goal of each approach. Families can be in crisis and it is important we help them resolve the crisis and restore the family's functioning to their pre-crisis state.
73. The therapeutic relationship described in Gestalt therapy is:
Correct answer:
Dynamic
Explanation:
The Gestalt therapist operates in a more dynamic and active manner than that of a Client-Centered therapist who relies primarily upon receptive qualities expressed through empathic reflection of feelings. In Gestalt work, one approaches the first phase of a session by exploring what a client is currently experiencing in awareness. As feelings and sensations are reported, links to body awareness are emphasized and one may be asked to give the selected physical areas a "voice." If a client has difficulty bringing into awareness and expressing such material, attention can be directed to obvious body correlates of verbal expression such as breathing pattern, hand gestures, voice tone, and posture. To facilitate greater clarity of experience of a particular body area, one can suggest that a client repeat, exaggerate, or spontaneously develop a particular physical action in nonverbal form or express with increasing loudness and meaning key words and sentences.
74. A therapist who directs a husband to act as if he were on a very first date with his spouse is demonstrating the technique of:
Correct answer:
Caring days
Explanation:
Caring days is a Behavioral Couple's Therapy technique in which couples act as if they care about their spouses, regardless of the other's actions.
75. For family therapists to maintain competence, they must abide by ethical codes, legal statutes, and professional practice according to the ______________.
Correct answer:
Highest standards possible
Explanation:
Family therapists must demonstrate the highest regard for ethical standards, legal statutes, and professional practice.
76. Which type of thought goes beyond previous stages of cognitive-development in that it is more flexible, logical, and dialectical?
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Correct answer:
Postformal thought
Explanation:
Research suggests that postformal thought exists in adults following the formal operational stage of cognitive development. It is thought that personal effort and social experiences contribute to increasingly rational, flexible, and practical
ways of thinking.
77. The search for meaning in existential theory does NOT include:
Correct answer:
Creating new values
78. Research shows a strong association between battering and:
Correct answer:
Alcohol intoxication
Explanation:
Evidence shows a 60% to 70% rate of alcohol abuse among men who batter.
79. In which area would spatial proximity have the most impact?
Correct answer:
Attraction
Explanation:
The concept of spatial proximity states that we are more likely to be attracted to someone who is in close physical proximity to us.
80. According to Vygotsky’s _________________ theory, learning and intelligence are derived from social interaction.
Correct answer:
Sociocultural
Explanation:
The primary assumption of Vygotsky's sociocultural theory of human learning is that social interaction plays a fundamental role in the development of cognition.
81. Which exam assesses client functioning and includes appearance, speech, and thought
process among other components?
Correct answer:
Mental status exam
Explanation:
A mental status examination assesses a client's level of cognitive ability, appearance, emotional mood, and speech and thought patterns at the time of evaluation.
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82. The ability to be genuine about your client’s situation and progress refers to:
Correct answer:
Congruence
Explanation:
According to Carl Rogers, congruence is one of the most important attributes of a counselor. It refers to the ability to be authentic and open during their interactions with clients.
83. Which age group is most likely to include the greatest frequency of substance abuse?
Correct answer:
18-24 years old
84. Which theory is associated with the five psychological needs and the WDEP system?
Correct answer:
Reality therapy
Explanation:
Reality therapy was developed by William Glasser and further advanced by Robert Wubbolding. It stresses that people are in control of meeting their
basic psychological needs and that change occurs when people feel in control of the choices they make.
85. Which is NOT considered a Gestalt technique?
Correct answer:
Spitting in the client's soup
Explanation:
Spitting in the client's soup is an Adlerian technique.
86. What does REBT contend about acceptance and love in one's life?
Correct answer:
They may be desirable, but not needed
Explanation:
Ellis was cautious about "the Dire Need" for love and acceptance. Ellis said, "Let's
not conquer the desire for love." It is"the Dire Need" that Ellis said to conquer if you wish to be sane about love relationships.
87. Ellis says that all emotions are:
Correct answer:
Produced by thoughts and beliefs
Explanation:
Albert Ellis, the father of cognitive-behavioral therapy and founder of Rational Emotive Behavior Therapy (REBT), discovered that people's beliefs strongly
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affected their emotional functioning. In particular certain irrational beliefs made people feel depressed, anxious or angry and led to self-defeating behaviors.
88. Which is NOT a diagnostic criterion for Adjustment Disorder?
Correct answer:
Symptoms represent normal bereavement
89. Which is NOT a proper way to acknowledge fellow contributors to published research?
Correct answer:
Submit a list of acknowledgments separate from the published research
Explanation:
Co-authors or contributors should be recognized within the original research instead of in separate lists or statements.
90. Which therapy would probably NOT assign homework to the client?:
Correct answer:
Client-centered therapy
Explanation:
Homework is important, so clients can apply the skills learned during sessions to multiple different situations that arise in everyday life. Learning coping skills at this practical level is strongly related to improved emotional processing. Homework is also important because it fosters independent use by the client of newly acquired skills. Clients learn coping skills during sessions. Their ability to use these skills on their own is a crucial determinant of their long-term emotional health.
91. _______________________ manifests as experiences of unreality or detachment with
respect to surroundings (e.g. individuals or objects are experienced as dreamlike).
Correct answer:
Derealization
92. Reflection of feelings attend to affect while paraphrasing attends to:
Correct answer:
Content
Explanation:
A paraphrase is a response that mirrors the essence of a client's disclosure of content, typically facts, thoughts, and intentions.
93. Mr. and Mrs. Crumbwinkle are worried about their son Percy's behavior. In the course
of the initial interview you question them as to how much past problems in Percy's life are affecting him now. This is best described as a:
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Correct answer:
Constructionist approach
Explanation:
Because creating meaning is a way of organizing our worlds, invariably, patterns emerge that regulate our behaviors, emotions, and thoughts, and these patterns are difficult to transform. Constructivist therapists help people to break out of habitual patterns to create change. The clinician pays close attention to exactly how the individual has used life experiences to relate to current circumstances. Rather
than seeing the story objectively, the therapist works with the client to create an action-thought-reaction chain of events to unveil the implications these patterns have had to date and what future role that behavior will play. Techniques used may include guided imagery, journaling, externalizing the problem, and sensory-awareness exercises.
94. Sexual and/or romantic relationships with former clients:
Correct answer:
Are prohibited for a period of 2 years following the last professional
contact.
Explanation:
If after two years pass, and prior to the sexual and/or romantic relationship, therapists must determine that there has been no exploitation or harm to the client.
95. Which is NOT a factor that needs to be clarified in the event of a third-party request for a therapist's services?
Correct answer:
Relationship between the therapist and the referring party
Explanation:
In most cases of a third-party request there will be no need for the referring party and the therapist to cooperate or collaborate.
96. Limitations of psychodynamic theory do NOT include:
Correct answer:
Lacks a research base
Explanation:
Overall limitations are that it is time-consuming and expensive; not as effective for older clients; contains complicated terminology; and is deterministic.
97. The _________ family system exhibits the characteristics of both wife and husband working outside the home and sharing equally house and child-rearing responsibilities.
Correct answer:
Symmetrical
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98. A Type II alcoholic, according to Cloninger, might include which symptom?
Correct answer:
High levels of distress at work
Explanation:
Type II alcoholism is associated with an early onset before age 25 of both alcohol abuse and criminal behavior and an inability to abstain from alcohol. The most common personality characteristic of type II alcoholics is high novelty seeking. These people consume alcohol primarily to induce euphoria. Type II effects mainly men.
99. The use of strategic paradoxical techniques is controversial because:
Correct answer:
The family therapist directs the family to increase the symptom, or do more of the problematic behavior
Explanation:
The use of strategic paradoxical techniques is controversial because the
therapist essentially prescribes the symptom to a family. While this is explained as a way to highlight the behavior and to potentially increase awareness and resistance to the directive, there is potential for the technique to backfire if not implemented appropriately.
100.
Which technique of Gestalt therapy encourages the client to plunge into the very thing that causes her anxiety and make contact with parts of herself that she has denied?
Correct answer:
The reversal technique
Explanation:
Reversal technique: - asking the client to do the opposite of their behaviors
101.
When a child discloses, which step should you as a mandated reporter NOT take?
Correct answer:
Promise the child that everything will be okay
Explanation:
Never promise that everything will be okay; rather, you can promise that you will do everything you can to help.
102.
Your thirty-something homemaker client is at a loss about a career to pursue, now that her marriage is ending. You continue to provide therapy, but refer her:
Correct answer:
For vocational interest and ability testing
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103.
Shifting the responsibility for change from the family therapist to the family itself refers to the battle for:
Correct answer:
Initiative
Explanation:
The battle for initiative refers to the therapist's attempt to motivate the family towards making necessary changes.
104.
You receive a call from a female who has been beaten up by her boyfriend and is in bad shape. She is crying and seems to be in pain. Your first action might be to:
Correct answer:
Help her receive medical treatment, and maintain confidentiality
105.
Regarding Hispanics' use of mental health services, which of the following is NOT true?
Correct answer:
Hispanics use crisis interventions at lower-rates than other populations
Explanation:
Hispanics remain most likely to use mental health services primarily when they are in crisis situations.
EMOTIONALLY FOCUSED THERAPY
Based in attachment theory, this therapy proposes that emotions are central to the experience of self and serve both adaptive and maladaptive functioning and are essential to therapeutic change.
It is not emotions, but the individual's struggle to manage emotions that becomes problematic. Additionally, emotions are deeply connected to needs and aptly alert us to situations requiring action. Some of the techniques used in emotionally focused therapy include:
1. Expand the emotional experience: when the client makes an emotional statement (i.e. "I feel out of control!"), the therapist will respond by asking the client to stay with the feeling, asking what it is like for them to be out of control, what it is like as they speak of it in the moment, how they feel as they speak, how they frame the experience, how they protect the self (if they did not, then what would occur), and finally validate the client's responses of his/or her experience (i.e. "It must be hard to feel scared") and then direct the partner/family members to engage as indicated (i.e. "And you feel she cannot protect you, tell her what that is like"; "You cannot feel safe when he hits walls"), with the ultimate goal of pulling emotional expression that engages compassion and connection, meeting unmet attachment needs. 2. Reframing the problem: the problem is reframed into a cycle, so the players are no longer victims of the situation, but rather they are on the same side looking into the cycle. Downloaded by Britt Robertson (britt233014@mail.com)
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3. Restructuring the bond: when using this technique, the client and therapist will identify attachment needs and facilitate a change in interactions based on the identified needs to stop old patterns and engage in healthy ways. Downloaded by Britt Robertson (britt233014@mail.com)
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