PD200 - Discussion #8

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Phil Houston is a former employee of the Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) and expert in deception detection. What inferences does Houston draw based on Arias’ comments and brief interview clip following her conviction? To what extent do you think his analysis is supported by material we have discussion in this Lesson? Do you think there are certain reliable indicators of deception that could be used by law enforcement during interrogations? How can law enforcement guard against erroneous inferences during interrogations? On June 4 th , 2008, Travis Alexander was brutally murdered by his ex-girlfriend Jodi Arias. Among the plethora of evidence implicating Arias, her statements during interrogation show signs of deception. Following her conviction, Arias completed an interview. Former Central Intelligence Agent Phil Houston analyzed a brief clip. Houston’s analysis states that the tactics of manipulation employed by Arias, specifically when she says, “my mind is blank now” and “the worst outcome would be natural life, death would be the ultimate freedom,” are due to the realization that her calculated and manipulative strategy did not work ( Jodi Arias Interview Analysis by Deception Detection Expert Phil Houston , 2013). Houston perceives that throughout the trial, Arias tries to convey to the jury that she is a good and caring person. Additionally, Houston highlights that there was no moment in which Arias denied the verdict of the murder; instead, she is only shocked about the premeditation charge ( Jodi Arias Interview Analysis by Deception Detection Expert Phil Houston , 2013) Relating to lesson content, research indicates innocent people do not use self-presentation strategies (Kassin, 2015). Self-presentation is “ any behaviours intended to convey a particular image of, or particular information about, the self to other people” ( APA Dictionary of Psychology , n.d.). Arias tried to convince the jury that she was empathetic despite the evidence against her. As Houston mentions, Arias said she would rather die, which is the ultimate convincing statement, in an attempt to convey to the public that if she were the murderer, there would be no way she would want to die ( Jodi Arias Interview Analysis by Deception Detection Expert Phil Houston , 2013). I noticed the number of times she blinked while watching the video of Jodi Arias. Although there is very little empirical evidence to support the blink rate being a proper form of detecting deception, it is believed that deceitful people will blink more to hide their emotions when asked questions about the crime (Welsh, 2016). In the video presented by Fox News, Arias blinked approximately 26 times. Research continues to prove that indicators of deception are not all that accurate; rather, there is little empirical evidence on cues previously thought to be reliable indicators. As previously mentioned, the blink rate follows with little empirical evidence (Welsh, 2016). In a book called How to Spot a Liar by James W. Williams goes over several methods people may use to hide the stress felt about lying, such as nail-biting, pulling on lips or ears, change in breathing, sudden perspiration, covering vulnerable body areas, shuffling feet, covering mouth, or losing the ability to speak (Williams, 2021). It is important to note that Williams states the significance of baselining to understand how a person acts in their day-to-day life because someone who may be stuttering or biting their nails does not necessarily indicate deception. There could be underlying reasons, such as speech impediments or anxiety (Williams, 2021). Unfortunately, establishing a baseline of how a person acts daily is hard for police officers to question a subject for the first time.
Phil Houston is a former employee of the Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) and expert in deception detection. What inferences does Houston draw based on Arias’ comments and brief interview clip following her conviction? To what extent do you think his analysis is supported by material we have discussion in this Lesson? Do you think there are certain reliable indicators of deception that could be used by law enforcement during interrogations? How can law enforcement guard against erroneous inferences during interrogations? Law enforcement should focus more on remaining open to the suspect to avoid erroneous inferences. The PEACE model seems ideal because it allows the suspect to give a free account of their perspective without interruption. This allows law enforcement to detect fallacies in a suspect's statement, assuming they have inculpatory evidence. As mentioned in class, the PEACE model is “a non-accusatorial, information-gathering approach to investigative interviewing, based on the assumption that subjects will be increasingly likely to cooperate when they are relaxed and have a rapport with the interviewer” (Welsh, 2016). Research supports that people who feel more relaxed and engaged are more likely to open up, whereas someone who is being accused aggressively may shut down and withdraw from the conversation (Williams, 2021). References: APA Dictionary of Psychology . (n.d.). Dictionary.apa.org. https://dictionary.apa.org/self- presentation Kassin, S. M. (2015). The Social Psychology of False Confessions. Social Issues and Policy Review , 9 (1), 25–51. https://doi.org/10.1111/sipr.12009 Welsh, A. (2016, May). Police Psychology. Lesson Four, Week Eight: Investigative Interviews and Deception Detection: The PEACE Model of Interrogations [Lecture notes] Retrieved from https://mylearningspace.wlu.ca/d2l/le/content/490358/viewContent/3321224/View Welsh, A. (2016, May). Police Psychology. Lesson Four, Week Seven: Investigative Interviews and Police Interrogation: The PEACE Model of Interrogations [Lecture notes] Retrieved from https://mylearningspace.wlu.ca/d2l/le/content/490358/viewContent/3321223/View
Phil Houston is a former employee of the Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) and expert in deception detection. What inferences does Houston draw based on Arias’ comments and brief interview clip following her conviction? To what extent do you think his analysis is supported by material we have discussion in this Lesson? Do you think there are certain reliable indicators of deception that could be used by law enforcement during interrogations? How can law enforcement guard against erroneous inferences during interrogations? Williams, J. W. (2021). How to spot a liar: a practical guide to speed read people, decipher body language, detect deception, and get to the truth . James W. Williams. Kassin, S. M. (2015). The Social Psychology of False Confessions. Social Issues and Policy Review , 9 (1), 25–51. https://doi.org/10.1111/sipr.12009
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