Written Assignment Psychology Unit 4

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Written Assignment Unit 4: About the Repressed Memories Phenomena Dmytro Prykhodko PSYC 1504 – Introduction to Psychology Dr. Nefretiti Morant October 4, 2023

Repressed memories, as traditionally described, refer to traumatic or distressing memories that are pushed out of conscious awareness. While the concept is widely known, it's also controversial among psychologists and researchers. Some believe that traumatic memories can be repressed and later recovered, while others are skeptical about the accuracy and validity of such recalled memories. Sandusky's Case Jerry Sandusky was convicted in June 2012 in Pennsylvania on 45 counts related to child sexual abuse, with accusations stemming from his time at Penn State. The case had significant ramifications, including sanctions on Penn State's football program. Sandusky's conviction has been appealed multiple times, but without success, leading to his attorney filing a new motion for another trial, presenting new evidence aiming to challenge the integrity of the initial trial and subsequent legal proceedings. (Rushton G. (February 9, 2023), StateCollege.com, Sandusky Files Motion for New Trial, https://www.statecollege.com/articles/local-news/sandusky-files-motion-for-new-trial/) The notion of repressed memories in Sandusky's case is significant as it's alleged that some accusers, initially denying any wrongdoing, later reported abuse after undergoing this therapy. The therapy is criticized for possibly inducing false memories. The motion for a new trial argues that this practice, among other factors, compromised the integrity of the previous trial. Sandusky's attorney provided an expert report labeling repressed memory therapy as "inherently unreliable" and a "historic disaster", raising concerns about the potential manipulation of witnesses, thus challenging the validity of the convictions and advocating for a re-evaluation of the case through a new trial. This case underscores the controversies surrounding the use of repressed memories as evidence in legal settings. It highlights concerns regarding the reliability of repressed

memory therapy, which critics argue can foster false memories, potentially leading to wrongful convictions. The ongoing debate suggests a need for rigorous standards and scrutiny when considering repressed memories as a source of information about past events, especially in legal proceedings. Factors to Resurface There are several circumstances and factors that have been suggested to influence the surfacing or recall of repressed memories:  Therapy and Counseling: Therapeutic techniques, especially certain forms of psychotherapy, may bring repressed or forgotten memories to the surface. However, there's a risk that suggestive or leading techniques might create false memories.  Triggers: Specific sights, sounds, smells, or situations reminiscent of the past traumatic event can act as triggers, causing the memory to surface.  Exposure to Similar Events: Witnessing or experiencing events that are similar to the original trauma might cause the repressed memory to emerge.  Intense Emotional Experiences: A particularly intense emotional experience, whether positive or negative, might cause someone to remember previously forgotten memories.  Willpower efforts: some of a repressed memories can be recalled with enough willpower effort of the person who has them. I have a personal experience with this and will elaborate further. The resurfacing of repressed memories can lead to emotional distress, anxiety, and depression due to the traumatic nature of the memories and the nature of resurfacing process, which includes sort of re-living again through the memorized events on an emotional level.

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While done carefully and under the supervision of an experienced therapist, it can also provide closure or validation to individuals, potentially aiding in the healing process. My Personal Experience I personally have an experience dealing with repressed memories of my own and other people's. I know for a fact that I have repressed memories from February, March and April of 2022, when a full-scale war started in my country and I personally came through a certain series of events that posed a threat to my life and well-being. I know I have those memories, but I have them repressed. I am not able to recall those events without taking a really strong willpower effort. When applying a willpower effort to recall, I can recall them, but after I stop doing that, my psyche would represses them back again after some time. More specifically, "remembering" them shatters me to pieces for day or two and then I "forget" them back. Those memories are really damaging to me, so I prefer not to resurface them and will not describe their contents here, but they pose a significant value to me in terms of knowledge about how my psyche adapts to the adversarial memories and experiences.

References Rushton G. (February 9, 2023), StateCollege.com, Sandursky Files Motion for New Trial, https://www.statecollege.com/articles/local-news/sandusky-files-motion-for-new-trial/ Spielman, R. M., Jenkins, W. J., & Lovett, M. D. (2020). Psychology 2e. OpenStax. https://openstax.org/books/psychology-2e/pages/1-introduction

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