EVOLUTION ASSESSMENT - FINCHESGalápagos Ground FinchesBetween 1973 and 1978, the population of ground finches (a type of small bird) on the Galápagos Islandsdecreased. Scientists made observations of the population throughout that time period. They recordedand graphed differences in the distribution of traits over time. The two sets of graphs below come fromthe data they collected.Beak Length for Ground Finches Observed in the Wet Seasons of 1973 and 1978Wet 1973: all finches# of finches30# of finches25201510503025201510512-010$4.980-8430.0-11.5-11.9Beak Length (mm)Source: inquiryHub35.0-39.940.0-44.912.5-12.913.0-13.413.5-13.914.0-Wing Length for Ground Finches Observed in the Wet Seasons of 1973 and 1978Wet 1973: all finches65.0Wing Length (mm)Source: inquiryHub70.0-74.9# of finches75.0-3025# of finches20105030252015O1050Wet 1978: all finches7.0-747.5-7.980-8.485-809.0-949.5-9.910.0-130.0-34.910.5-10.911.0-11.411.5-11.912.0-12.412.5-Beak Length (mm)Source: inquiryHubWet 1978: all finchesWing Length (mm)Source: inquiryHub13.0-13.413.5-13.914.0-75.0- Question 3.In the bottom pair of graphs about wing lengths, what is true about the total number of finches withshorter (35-45mm) and longer (60-75mm) wings over time?(circle the correct answer)A. Both shorter- and longer-winged finches decreased in number.B. Longer-winged finches decreased in number.C. Shorter-winged finches decreased in number.D. The number of both kinds of finches stayed about the same.

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Description: EVOLUTION ASSESSMENT - FINCHESGalápagos Ground FinchesBetween 1973 and 1978, the population of ground finches (a type of small bird) on the Galápagos Islandsdecreased. Scientists made observations of the population throughout that time period. They

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EVOLUTION ASSESSMENT - FINCHES
Galápagos Ground Finches
Between 1973 and 1978, the population of ground finches (a type of small bird) on the Galápagos Islands
decreased. Scientists made observations of the population throughout that time period. They recorded
and graphed differences in the distribution of traits over time. The two sets of graphs below come from
the data they collected.
Beak Length for Ground Finches Observed in the Wet Seasons of 1973 and 1978
Wet 1973: all finches
# of finches
30
# of finches
25
20
15
10
5
0
30
25
20
15
10
5
12-01
0
$4.9
80-84
30.0-
11.5-11.9
Beak Length (mm)
Source: inquiryHub
35.0-39.9
40.0-44.9
12.5-12.9
13.0-13.4
13.5-13.9
14.0-
Wing Length for Ground Finches Observed in the Wet Seasons of 1973 and 1978
Wet 1973: all finches
65.0
Wing Length (mm)
Source: inquiryHub
70.0-74.9
# of finches
75.0-
30
25
# of finches
20
10
5
0
30
25
20
15
O
10
5
0
Wet 1978: all finches
7.0-74
7.5-7.9
80-8.4
85-80
9.0-94
9.5-9.9
10.0-1
30.0-34.9
10.5-10.9
11.0-11.4
11.5-11.9
12.0-12.4
12.5-
Beak Length (mm)
Source: inquiryHub
Wet 1978: all finches
Wing Length (mm)
Source: inquiryHub
13.0-13.4
13.5-13.9
14.0-
75.0-

Question 3.
In the bottom pair of graphs about wing lengths, what is true about the total number of finches with
shorter (35-45mm) and longer (60-75mm) wings over time?
(circle the correct answer)
A. Both shorter- and longer-winged finches decreased in number.
B. Longer-winged finches decreased in number.
C. Shorter-winged finches decreased in number.
D. The number of both kinds of finches stayed about the same.

Expert Solution

Step 1

Darwin saw that the finches on the Galapagos had a graduated range of beak sizes and forms and hypothesised that these species had evolved from a single original mainland species.

Darwin referred to the process through which species diverge as "natural selection," which is brought about by the inheritance of traits, competition among individuals, and trait variation.

Finches who inherit traits that give them the highest chance of competing will live longer and produce more offspring than those who inherit traits that give them a lower chance of competing.

Smaller billed finches are better at eating small, soft seeds than larger billed finches are at eating large, hard seeds.

Large-billed finches will thrive and multiply more in the next generation when small, soft seeds are scarce, but when large, hard seeds are scarce, the converse will happen.

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