Phychological Testing 2

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Western Governors University *

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D094

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Psychology

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Oct 30, 2023

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What are Projective Personality Tests? Tests where responses/reactions to ambiguous stimuli are noted and interpreted; no forced choice format; Ex: Rorschach Ink Blot Test (most used) What is a Standardized Test? A test with proven validity and reliability. What is a Non-Standardized Test? A test with no proven validity or reliability. Book Overview 3 Part 21 Chapters Chapter 1-7: Principles of Psychological Testing Chapters 8-18: Applications of Psychological Testing Chapters 19-21: Issues of Psychological Testing. What are the two principles of Psychological Testing? Validity and reliability. What is reliability? The accuracy, dependability, consistency, or repeatability of test results. What is validity? The meaning and usefulness of test results. What are the methods of reliability? Test, re-test, alternate (parallel) form, Internal consistency (Split-Half Reliability, Kuder-Richardson 20 Kronbach, Coefficient Alpha) Psychological Testing refers to what? All possible uses, applications, and underlying concepts of psychological and educational tests. (main use of the tests are to evaluate individual differences; tests are included in 'testing') Applications of Psychological Testing
Individual tests of human ability, medical testing for brain damage and health status, examining interviewing techniques, etc... Issues of Psychological Tests Biases in testing, testing and the law, online testing (biggest issue) What was the MMPI? The Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (1943); most widely used and researched personality test in the world, revised in 1989 to the MMPI-2 What is the Factor Analysis Technique? A method of finding the minimum number of dimensions to account for a large number of variables; also called data reduction. Sixteen Personality Factor Questionnaire 16PF; created in 1905 by J.R. Guilford using Factor Analysis (structured test) What was the first Intelligence Test? Binet-Simon Scale (1905); revised in 1916 and released as Stanford-Binet Intelligence Scale with a 1000 person increase to the standardization sample and revised questions, some remained the same from original version. What is a Representative Sample? Comprises individuals similar to those for whom the test is to be used; also called standardization sample. Army Alpha (AA) and Beta (AB) AA; for English speaking and literate individuals AB; for Non-English speaking and illiterate individuals Now known as the ASVAB; Armed Services Vocational Aptitude Battery Achievement Tests Standardized multiple choice tests that lacked subjectivity or favoritism; believed to be superior to essay tests. (First one was the Stanford Achievement Test)
Personality Tests measure what? Stable traits; earliest tests were forced choice, pen and paper format (Woodworth Personal Data Sheet; during World War I) What are Traits? Characteristics that distinguish one person from another. What happened in 1949? Formalized training so that individuals could provide psychometrics. What is Psychometrics? The administration, scoring, and interpretation of tests. Benefits of computer based testing Reduced costs Immediate scoring and reporting Test administration efficiency and flexibility Reduction of scoring errors Greater test security Ability to include multimedia in testing Who is involved in the developing and utilizing testing process? DEVELOPERS (test authors/creators) PUBLISHERS (Pearson, WBS, MHS) USERS (clinicians; scorers) TAKERS (clients) REVIEWERS (people who check effectiveness) What are some instruments with no evaluative components? Inventories, questionnaires, surveys, checklists, schedules, projective techniques What are Battery tests? A group of tests or subtests administered to one person at a time; Ex: educational or intelligence tests like the ASVAB.
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What is an assessment? Any systematic procedure for collecting information that can be used to make inferences or decisions about the characteristics of a person. Who uses assessments? Counselors, educators, social workers, psychologists, healthcare professionals, etc... What is the difference between Testing and Assessment? TESTING is a broad selection of associated elements ranging from administration of tests to interpretation of scores, whereas ASSESSMENT is the integration of information from multiple data collection methods. Assessment can proceed effectively WITHOUT testing. What does a quality assessment involve? Multiple methods of data collection from multiple sources. What is the purpose of assessments? SCREENING; do you have a high risk of having a specific problem INDENTIFICATION AND DIAGNOSIS; analysis of strengths and weaknesses INTERVENTION PLANNING; what will be the course of action PROGRESS AND OUTCOME EVALUATION; using an assessment to monitor progress and evaluate outcome What are the three methods of assessment? Testing, interviews, observation What are the different sources of information? PRIMARY (client) COLLATERAL (personal, professional, records) What are collateral sources? Any third party who provides information about an individual being assessed; information often gathered through interviews and records
What are the four steps to the assessment process? Identify the

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