Journal Reflection Paper 2

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Oct 30, 2023

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1 Split-Brain Patients LeeAnn Brooks Franklin University, College of Health and Public Administration 23/FA-PSYC-201-F2WW Neuropsychology Professor Wendy Bartkus October 5, 2023
2 The term "split-brain" refers to individuals who have had a surgical procedure known as corpus callosotomy, which is used to mitigate epileptic seizures. This procedure involves severing the corpus callosum, the major neuronal pathway connecting the two hemispheres of the brain (Beck & Tapia, 2023). By doing so, the spread of neural activity from one hemisphere to the other is prevented, hence resulting in a lack of interhemispheric communication. But what happens to the person if the parts are no longer synchronized? Many studies have suggested that when you split the brain, you split the person. The procedure of severing the corpus callosum was first used as a therapeutic intervention for individuals suffering from severe epilepsy during the 1940s. This treatment approach was implemented on a cohort of 26 individuals in Rochester, New York (Wolman, 2012). Initially, this methodology had little efficacy, as shown by the apparent manifestation of cognitive deterioration. However, a notable advancement was seen in a single case in 1962 (Wolman, 2012). The discovery made by Roger Sperry and Michael Gazzaniga revealed that the left hemisphere of the brain is primarily involved in the comprehension and production of language, while the right hemisphere is capable of recognizing words but lacks the ability to pronounce them (Lienhard, 2017). Sperry and Gazzaniga sent visual stimuli to the right visual field, which was processed by the left hemisphere responsible for language processing (Lienhard, 2017). As a result, the patient exhibited a typical response. Nevertheless, when the stimuli were delivered to the left visual field and then processed by the non-speaking right hemisphere, the patient reported a lack of visual perception (Lienhard, 2017). The picture shown would be drawn by his left hand. Upon inquiry on the cause of the patient's left-hand movement, the patient exhibited a state of confusion and expressed a lack of knowledge regarding the matter (Lienhard, 2017).
3 Sperry died in 1994 and Gazzaniga continued the split-brain research. By the turn of the century, researchers had turned their attention to another mystery that patients never reported feeling anything less than whole (Wolman, 2012). The hemispheres don't miss each other. Initially, during the early stages of studying split-brain patients, there was a prevailing belief that the state of consciousness becomes divided inside the split-brain, therefore exerting a substantial influence on the field of cognitive neuroscience (Wolman, 2012). After more than 80 years of ongoing research, we have gained insights into the neural origins of language, vision, touch, and voice, as well as the crucial role played by the corpus callosum in facilitating interhemispheric communication for the coordinated use of these sensory functions. Nevertheless, the presence of a fully intact corpus callosum is not deemed essential for the purpose of survival. The study of split-brain conditions has led to the scientific comprehension of the working processes that govern the cerebral hemispheres (Beck & Tapia, 2023).
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4 References Beck, D., & Tapia, E. (2023). The brain. In R. Biswas-Diener & E. Diener (Eds), Noba textbook series: Psychology. Noba. https://nobaproject.com/textbooks/psychology-as-a-biological- science/modules/the-brain#content Lienhard, Dina A., “Roger Sperry’s Split Brain Experiments (1959-1968)”. Embryo Project Encyclopedia (2017-12-27). ISSN: 1940-5030 http://embryo.asu.edu/handle/10776/13035. Wolman, D. (2012, March 14). The split brain: A tale of Two halves. Nature News. https://www.nature.com/articles/483260a#:~:text=Severing%20the%20corpus %20callosum%20was,one%20patient%20showed%20significant%20improvement.

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