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PSYC109 Nahida Akter AKTND2101 Mr. Owen Thomas FRIDAY CLASS

In recent years, more and more women are joining the workforce, often with the intent of providing financial support to their family. However, there is an ongoing debate surrounding the idea that working mothers can have a negative effect on their children. In recent paper studies focus on working mothers have a negative effect on children. Over the past few years, workplace bullying has become a national and international occupational health and safety issue. No research has been conducted on the relationship between workplace bullying and working mothers' perceptions and experiences related to their children and parenting despite the growing number of working mothers. The method used where participants, who were 11 South Korean working mothers with children 6 years of age or younger. Data collected from in- depth interviews were analyzed and the result shows that in the first place, working mothers encountered relationship bullying in the workplace and suffered from depression and psychological burnout as a result. In addition, working mothers viewed their children and parenting as "just more work." Their children were at greater risk of becoming socially and emotionally deprived due to problematic parenting. Working mother coming home late night tired or staying out long for work which leads to less time given to her children or no time can cause child to go to depression or loneliness. Working mothers can have a negative effect on their children, particularly in terms of stress levels. According to recent studies, when a child is exposed to high levels of stress from an early age, it can lead to issues in terms of development and behavior. If the parent is busy with work and other commitments, this can lead to increased anxiety levels for the child. These heightened levels of stress can manifest themselves in various ways such as sleep disturbances, hyperactivity or aggression. In order to prevent undue stress on their children, working mothers must ensure a balance between their responsibilities at home and work. This may potentially have long-term consequences.

The lack of parental involvement in a child's life due to a mother's job can lead to feelings of insecurity and instability. A mother's absence from her children for extended periods can cause them to feel neglected, ignored, and even abandoned. This sense of neglect can manifest in the form of difficulty forming meaningful relationships with others, an inability to communicate their needs effectively, or feeling of being unworthy of attention and love. Foreign Domestic Workers (FDWs) are increasingly hired by Hong Kong families to take care of their children while both parents work. The attachment security of an infant contributes to their psychological well-being throughout their lives, since the attachment security of an infant can be seen as the cornerstone of their psychological well-being. It is examined in the present study whether having an FDW as a primary care-giver influences the relationship between a mother and child, as well as how disruptive the child is. A total of 86 mothers with 5-8-year-old children, who were either sole primary care providers or shared primary care providers with their FDWs, were recruited. Mothers completed the Parent-Child Relationship Inventory (PCRI) to evaluate their parenting behavior and the mother-child relationship and the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ) to assess their children's disruptive behavior. The result shows in this study, parents who stay at home, showed similar involvement in child-rearing, whereas parents who work spent less time with their children and were less involved in a number of child-rearing activities. There were no significant differences between the working and non- working mothers on five of the seven PCRI scales. However, working mothers reported higher parenting satisfaction than non-working mothers on Role Orientation and Parenting Satisfaction. when mothers are away at work it can lead to increased reliance on technology for activities. Furthermore, financial stress can make a mother feel not enough for her children emotionally or

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materially This could lead to a sense of guilt from the parent as well as further stress being placed upon them. Studied psychosocial characteristics of children of 30 working mothers and 30 nonworking mothers. Data were gathered from children via administration of the Early School Personality Questionnaire developed by R. W. Coan and R. B. Cattell (1966) for 6 – 8 yr old children and the Children's Personality Questionnaire developed by R. B. Porter and R. B. Cattell (1963) for 8 – 22 yr old children. Mothers were interviewed about sibling rivalry and behavioral problems. Analysis of data via means and standard deviations, t-tests, and chi-square tests showed that maternal employment accompanied by maternal separation resulted in deficiencies in mothering and resultant changes in children. Relationships of children and their siblings were not affected by maternal employment. Children’s of working mother tend to be socially awkward because their mother don’t give enough time to interact with them

Refences Jahng, K. E. (2019). Narratives of working mothers experiencing workplace bullying: Trauma transferred to Young Children. United Kingdom: Wiley-Blackwell Publishing Ltd. https://doi.org/10.1111/fare.12402 Wong, Esther. (2015). Predicting the psychological adjustment of children reared by working or stay home mothers with or without the assistance of foreign domestic helpers. US : ProQuest Information & Learning http://gateway.proquest.com.proxy.lib.sfu.ca/openurl?url_ver=Z39.88- 2004&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:dissertation&res_dat=xri:pqm&rft_dat=xri:pqdis s:3636443 Saxena, Anil K., Mehrotra, S. N., Singh, S. B. (1988). A psychosocial study of children of working mothers and the effect of providing an alternative care: Comparative study. India: Community Mental Health Centre (Indira Health Home). https://web-p-ebscohost- com.proxy.lib.sfu.ca/ehost/detail/detail?vid=7&sid=7f0b5358-9acf-4cd0-930e- 15d135adea10%40redis&bdata=JnNpdGU9ZWhvc3QtbGl2ZQ%3d%3d#AN=1988- 10375-001&db=psyh

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