APA2314 Lab manual - Winter 2024

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University of Ottawa *

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Feb 20, 2024

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APA2314 Laboratory techniques in exercise physiology and biomechanics Biomechanics Lab Manual Winter 2024 University of Ottawa School of Human Kinetics

APA 2314 – Laboratory technique in exercise physiology and biomechanics University of Ottawa 2 APA2314 – Laboratory technique in exercise physiology and biomechanics Winter 2024 Student Information Name: _____________________________________ Lab section: ___________________ Teaching Assistant (TA) Information Name: _____________________________________ Email: ________________________ Laboratory Coordinator Information Natalie Elliott Montpetit Hall (MNT), Room 337 Natalie.Elliott@uottawa.ca 613-562-5800 ext. 4256 Laboratory Technician Information Mohammad Akhavanfar Montpetit Hall (MNT), Room 338 makhavan@uottawa.ca 613-562-5800 ext. 4257 APA2314 Website – Virtual Campus

APA 2314 – Laboratory technique in exercise physiology and biomechanics University of Ottawa 3 Laboratories in Biomechanics Welcome to APA 2314 – Laboratory techniques in exercise physiology and biomechanics! The purpose of the biomechanics laboratory sessions is to reinforce and complement the material presented in your APA2114 course while allowing you to learn biomechanics in a practical, hands-on setting. This will be carried out using a variety of interactive learning tools such as biomechanical equipment commonly used in research, computer software programs, and demonstrations by your teaching assistants (TAs). These tools are not readily available to you outside of the lab, so it is of the utmost importance that you make effective use of your laboratory sessions. As you can understand, the COVID-19 global pandemic has put us in a unique situation and so we ask that you approach these labs with an open mind, flexibility and a willingness to adapt as the Winter session progresses. The ultimate goal is to offer high-quality, engaging in-person labs. That said, we must all recognize that modifications may be necessary throughout the months to ensure the safety of all students and staff. You will find a copy of the lab schedule below. Each lab session is three hours in length and all students are required to remain in the lab for the entire duration, unless work is completed and verified by your TA. Attendance at laboratory sessions is mandatory, as is participation within the sessions. During the lab sessions, you will explore the content outlined in the weekly lab handouts. The lab sessions will start with your TA giving a brief overview of the lab, then for the remainder of the lab you will use various resources (lab equipment, computer software, the lab manual, textbooks, electronic devices, etc.) to deepen your knowledge of the week’s subject mat ter. The majority of learning that takes place in the lab will be self-directed . This means it will be up to you to manage your time. Students will also be responsible for deciding who will carry out each role in the experiments. Some labs will involve experiments, while others will be problem-based. The purpose of the experimental labs is to train you in various measurement and analysis techniques as well as to develop your ability to critically analyze experimental results. During these labs, you will follow protocols and evaluate results. Sometimes, you will be asked to work in small groups, as this maximizes class engagement and participation. The more you are actively involved in the experiments, the more you will learn from them, and the less studying you will have to do later. It’s win -win! You will also be asked to discuss your findings with the entire lab group at times. Note that although the data may be collected and/or discussed in groups, all lab assignments are to be completed individually (written by you, in your own words, and supplemented with your own sample calculations and/or tables and/or figures) . The purpose of the problem-based labs is to apply the material discussed in your APA2114 class to the solution of specific problems. During these labs, you will have the opportunity to discuss the problems with your TA and your peers. These sessions are designed to help you better understand how to solve biomechanical problems. If you go into these sessions simply hoping to get perfect marks without actually retaining any information, you will have wasted your time. The more effectively you use this time, the more you will learn from the labs, and the less studying you will have to do for the final exam. You may work individually or in small groups. Keep in mind that co-teaching among group members is a great way to learn and retain information! Note that the TAs may provide guidance in the solution of questions posed in the lab manual but they will NOT give you the answer or confirm whether your answers are correct.

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APA 2314 – Laboratory technique in exercise physiology and biomechanics University of Ottawa 4 Website Important documents, instructions and information will be posted on the APA2314 Virtual Campus Brightspace webpage. You should visit this site regularly to check for updates, especially when you are preparing for your labs. Biomechanics Lab Schedule Week of: Topic Reports Jan 8 to 12 NO BIOMECHANICS LABS Jan 15 to 19 NO BIOMECHANICS LABS Jan 22 to 26 Lab 1: Review: Anatomy, Math & Physics Jan 29 to Feb. 2 Lab 2: Motion Analysis - Introduction Report 2 to do (partial) Feb 5 to 9 Lab 3: Electromyography (EMG) Report 2 (Motion Analysis) to submit (3%) Report 4 to do (partial) Feb 12 to 16 Lab 4: Forces Report 4 (EMG) to submit (6%) Feb 19 to 23 Reading week – NO BIOMECHANICS LABS Feb 26 to Mar. 1 Lab 5: Moments of force Mar 4 to 8 Lab 6: Kinematics Report 6 to do (partial) Mar 11 to 15 Lab 7: Motion Analysis - Research Project Report 6 (Kinematics) to submit (6%) Report 8 to do (full; due in 2 weeks) Mar 18 to 22 Lab 8: Anthropometry & Moment of Inertia Mar 25 to 29 Lab 9: Impulse, Momentum & Coefficient of Restitution Report 8 (Research Project) to submit (10%) Apr 1 to 5 Review session Course policies For all course policies, including laboratory attendance, assignment submission, late assignments, missed and deferred examinations, grade revisions, accommodations, lab etiquette and rules, and more, refer to the course syllabus . Supplies You must bring the following items to each biomechanics lab session: → pen/pencil → this lab manual and the weekly lab documents → lab notebook (for pre-lab work and experimental observations) → your biomechanics textbook → calculator (Casio FX991MS Plus is recommended) → any items listed in the weekly lab documents → indoor athletic shoes * You do not need a lab coat or safety glasses.

APA 2314 – Laboratory technique in exercise physiology and biomechanics University of Ottawa 5 Email etiquette Before emailing the lab coordinator, the lab technician, or your TA, review the lab manual, lab handouts and course syllabus. Oftentimes, the answer to your question can be found there. To ensure the best follow-up, questions related to lab content should be directed to your TA. If your TA is unable to provide you with a suitable answer to your questions, then you may contact the lab coordinator. You will be provided with your TA’s email address during the first laboratory ; please keep it for your records. • Be aware. The course administrators will use your uOttawa email account to contact you if necessary, so be sure to check your account often. You are expected to use this same account to communicate with lab staff and peers. • Be patient. Please respect that we all have many responsibilities and we may need time to respond to your inquiries. We endeavour to respond to all emails within 2 business days. The same two-day response time is requested of you. • Be professional. Use a descriptive subject line, including your course code and lab section. Be brief in describing your concerns and pose clear questions. Sign your message with your full name and student number. Avoid slang terms, emoticons/emojis, and texting abbreviations such as "u" instead of "you". • Be certain. Review before you send. Does it make sense? Are there typos that might confuse your meaning? Is the tone respectful? If you are sending an email while upset or angry, consider a 24- hour resting or cooling off period before sending. Think before you send the e-mail to multiple people; is it necessary or helpful for them to be involved? Evaluation The biomechanics portion of the labs comprise 50% of your final mark for APA2314. The breakdown is as follows: 25% is attributed to the lab assignments and the remaining 25% is attributed to the final exam. Lab assignments You are required to submit assignments for Labs 2, 3, 6 and 7 ( labelled in the syllabus as Reports 2, 4, 6, and 8, respectively ). The value of each assignment is indicated in the course syllabus and in the lab schedule above. All lab assignments are to be completed individually (written by you, in your own words, and supplemented with your own sample calculations and/or tables and/or figures). Assignments (and any other required files) must be submitted on Brightspace in the appropriate place under “Assignments” by their due date and time, which is typically immediately before the start of the following lab session. Your TA may request a paper copy of your report, in addition to the digital copy submitted through Brightspace, to facilitate marking . Plan to submit your assignment early to avoid late penalties. It will be considered a day late even if it is only a minute late, and it will be penalized accordingly. Be sure to follow the submission guidelines specified by your teaching assistant as well as the rules for significant figures outlined below. It is your responsibility to ensure the file(s) you send to your TA are formatted properly and able to be opened by your TA. Any file that cannot be opened by your TA or that is corrupt cannot be marked and will be considered late. A new copy must be sent if it is to be marked. Late penalties will apply, as described below. Hand-written solutions to math-based problems are allowed. Simply take a clear photo of your work and embed it in your Word document. Write as clearly as possible. Illegible work cannot be marked.

APA 2314 – Laboratory technique in exercise physiology and biomechanics University of Ottawa 6 Lab Reports 2, 4, and 8 will be analyzed using a plagiarism detection tool in order to review textual similarity and help you avoid plagiarism. Once analyzed, assignments will be included as source documents in the tool’s reference database, where they will be used solely for th e purpose of detecting similarities within University of Ottawa courses. Final exam The final exam will be scheduled by the University during the examination period. It will be three hours in length and will include questions from both the Exercise Physiology and Biomechanics portions of the course. Pre-lab work verifications Prior to attending your lab sessions, you must complete all of the associated pre-lab work. There are no marks given for doing the pre-lab work however completing it is part of your lab preparation. It ensures that all students are familiar with the content of the lab which is integral to the labs running efficiently and smoothly. Pre-lab work is to be carried out in a notebook dedicated solely to your APA2314 lab work. Every entry in your notebook must be handwritten in ink. Work done in pencil and typed work will not be accepted. Each week, your teaching assistant will examine and sign your personal lab notebook. In order to be granted access to the lab, all pre-lab work must be completed . If it is not completed, you will be required to complete it outside of the lab before entering, and you will be counted as late (late penalties will apply, as outlined above). In research, a lab notebook would be where all of your work is recorded. This includes all pre-lab work, experimental procedures, observations and results, experimental analysis, conclusions and even all of your “rough work”, notes and sample calculations. Pages are never to be removed and results should never be covered up (i.e. whited out), though they may be crossed out as long as the information below is still legible. The lab book is not a report and is not intended for public display. The idea is that this book keeps a record of all procedures and data (even those that may not seem important at the time) and can be ultimately used to establish discovery priority in the event of a dispute. Although your notebooks will not be as thorough as those used in professional practice, the rules for removing pages and covering up information remain. Once you have obtained your lab notebook, you are asked to put a table of contents on the first page of the book, as well as your full name (top, right corner of the page). Your table of contents should include space for the title of the lab, the date and the page within your notebook where the lab work begins (you will have to number the pages yourself). Each entry you make in your notebook should be dated. Your pre-lab work should be organized under the headings below: Introduction : Write a paragraph explaining (in your own words) what the lab protocol is supposed to accomplish. This should include reference to any major theories used and the methods to be followed. This should be more specific and concise than the introductory and methods sections given in the lab protocol. Theory : List the equations that will be used in the experiment and define each of the variables. Often, the necessary information will be provided in the lab protocol, but you may have to look for any information that is missing from the manual (e.g. in your textbook, etc.)

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APA 2314 – Laboratory technique in exercise physiology and biomechanics University of Ottawa 7 Pre-lab exercises : This is where you should answer any questions posed in the pre-lab section of your lab protocol. Equipment : List or draw a diagram of the equipment used in the experiment. Significant figures To achieve an accuracy of 0.2%, round numbers to three significant figures unless the first significant figure is a one (1), then use four significant figures. Consider the following: (i) 568 is only as accurate as 568±0.5 Expressed as ± 0.5 568 × 100 = ±0.088% Therefore, it is within the 0.2% accuracy level. (ii) 103 is only as accurate as 103±0.5 Expressed as ± 0.5 103 × 100 = ±0.485% This is NOT within the 0.2% accuracy level. (iii) 103.0 is accurate to 103.0±0.05 Expressed as ± 0.05 103.0 × 100 = ±0.0485% Now it is within the 0.2% accuracy level. • If a problem has multiple steps, carry an extra significant figure until the final answer. • Leading zeroes do NOT count as significant digits. • Trailing zeroes must be added if there are not 3 (or 4) significant digits. • From 0-4 round down, from 5-9 round up. Rounding examples: 25.333 becomes 25.3 1.4526 becomes 1.453 3452.067 becomes 3450 0.004 568 becomes 0.004 57 1.3333 becomes 1.333 7605.25 becomes 7610

APA 2314 – Laboratory technique in exercise physiology and biomechanics University of Ottawa 8 Safety Instructions 1. If you break something in the lab: Inform your TA immediately so that they can attempt to fix or replace the broken equipment. 2. If you injure yourself or have any other medical problem: Inform your TA immediately so that they can react accordingly. There is a wall-mounted first aid kit in the lab (MNT 319) . There is a telephone on the TA ’s desk for emergencies (ext 5411 or 911). In addition, in the hallway near the exercise physiology lab (MNT 303) there is a blue light system with an instant connection to Protection Services. Press the red button to activate the call. 3. If you hear the fire alarm: Do not panic. You should leave the lab in an orderly manner and evacuate the building using the primary fire exit shown below ( dashed red line , exit via Stairwell C ). If the primary exit is not accessible, proceed to the alternate fire exit ( solid red line , exit via Stairwell A ). Go down one flight of stairs and make your way to the Jock Turcot University Centre via the connecting passageway from Montpetit Hall and await further instructions. If the passageway is closed, continue down Stairwell C and exit the building moving at least 100 meters away from the door and await further instructions. C A

APA2314 Lab manual - Winter 2024

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