PSYC207_ Module 02 LA

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207

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Psychology

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Feb 20, 2024

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Module 02 Learning Activity (LA): Research Design 1. Reliability is the degree to which a measurement is consistent and stable. 2. Reliability is a necessary but not sufficient condition for validity. 3. Techniques researchers can use to improve measurement quality are: ● Aggregation ● Measure things of importance ● Be careful ● Use a standardized research protocol 4. What role does generalizability play in research? Does it matter? According to our textbook, generalizability is "the degree to which a measurement can be found under diverse circumstances" (Funder, 2019). In research, generalizability helps us apply research findings to a larger population, and not just one specific group. How applicable results will be to a larger population depends on the type of people conducted in the study. Since research findings aren't limited to one particular group, this can help with making broader conclusions about research findings and it could lead to more reliable results. Generalization is important in research because it does not limit the findings to a particular group and therefore helps increase the validity of the study since it does not limit the findings to one specific group. 5. Why do you think that many people conclude that the experimental method is obviously superior to the correlational method? After learning about the advantages and disadvantages of both methods, do you agree with the author that both are important? Why or why not? I think that many people conclude that the experimental method is superior to the correlational method because the experimental method has an independent variable. Since researchers can manipulate the study with this variable, it is easier for them to determine and identify the cause-and-effect relationship. t As stated in our textbook, "It gives the experimental method a powerful advantage: the ability to ascertain what causes what" (Funder, 2019). After reading about the advantages and disadvantages of both methods, I do believe that both methods are important. As the Author mentioned, you can't test the effects of child abuse on self-esteem in Adulthood with the experimental method. (Funder, 2019). We can't compare the self-esteem of those who suffered child abuse with those who didn't suffer from child abuse because it would make no sense since we want to see the effects of child abuse on self-esteem. However, if we want to test the effects of a new pill on weight loss, we might want to include two groups where

one receives the new weight loss pills while the other receives a placebo. All in all, both methods are equally as important because all studies cannot be conducted the same way. 6. Identify at least one strength and one weakness of each of the following types of research design: case study, correlational, and experimental. One strength of the case study method is that it is an intensive study. As our book mentions, "A well-written case study can be like a short story or even a novel...it describes the whole phenomenon and not just isolated variables. One weakness of the case study method is that it lacks generalizability. One strength of the experimental method is that it allows researchers to develop a cause-and-effect relationship between the independent and dependent variables. The disadvantage is that the experimental method can create situations that are not realistic. One strength of the correlational method is that there is less chance of deception, according to our textbook, correlational studies may be more precise (Funder, 2019). One weakness of the correlational method is that you can't always be so sure of the cause-and-effect relationship.

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