PSY 375 Project Two Template

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Southern New Hampshire University *

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Psychology

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Feb 20, 2024

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PSY 375 Project Two Template [For this project, you will create a technology and cognition blog post with the goal of educating a general audience, as well as healthcare providers, who are educated but not necessarily familiar with your topic of research. Do your best to summarize your sources in your own words with a scientific and formal but not overly technical tone. As such, do not use quotations in your blog, but be sure to use in- text citations and references appropriately. In your Project Two Milestone, which was due in Module Five, you selected a topic and completed an annotated bibliography of current research related to your topic. Be sure to incorporate any instructor feedback on the analysis of your sources before beginning work on this project. You will use all of the primary sources from your milestone to complete this project. Based on your topic selection and research in your milestone, create a technology and cognition blog post. You must address each of the rubric criteria listed below in about 600 to 900 words total. Complete this template by replacing the bracketed text with the relevant information. Delete the bullets when you are done so your finished product will resemble a blog post. Also remove this note before you submit your blog post.] Enhancing Eyewitness Testimony: Technological and Cognitive Approaches Topic Summary and Theory Background Many trials in the legal system use eyewitness testimony and many juries tend to believe the information an eyewitness brings to the table (McLeod, 2023). However, eyewitness testimony is affected by many things such as anxiety, stress and leading questioning by investigators (McLeod, 2023). Promising research has been conducted on ways to incorporate technology in the interviewing process of eyewitness to help reduce anxiety and stress associated with giving information. These technologies would allow both interviewer and interviewee to meet virtually, in virtual environments and with virtual avatars (Taylor & Dando, 2018; Dando et. al., 2023 and Hsu, et. al., 2023). The encoding specificity theory states that memories are linked to where

they are created (Goldstein, 2019), with the use of technology a virtual environment similar to where the incident occurred could be useful for memory recall. Compare and Contrast Primary Research Articles Current research is looking to improve the ways eye witness testimony is conducted and ways at reducing the anxiety and stress that often comes with giving testimony or during the interview process (Taylor& Dando, 2018; Dando et. al., 2023 and Hsu, et. al., 2023). In their study conducted in 2018, Taylor & Dando set out to see if a virtual environment and avatars would help with memory recall. Hsu, et. al., (2023), sought to build upon this study to see if a faceless avatar would increase memory recall. Participants In the Taylor & Dando (2018) study a group of 38 adults between the ages of 18-38 were recruited to participate in the study. Hsu et. al., (2023) used two sets of participants: in experiment one there were 106 adults between the ages of 18-59. In the second experiment there were 111 adults between the ages of 18-60 (Hsu et. al., 2023) Both studies used adults to test their research question, Hsu et al., (2023) included some older adults were as Taylor & Dando (2018) included only younger adults. The use of these two age groups allows researchers to test their hypothesis on people of various ages, but it does exclude the elderly and anyone under 18 so results could not be generalized to those two groups. Measures, Tests and Research Designs Taylor & Dando (2018) set up a simple test of their research question. The participants were assigned to one of two groups: a face to face interview group or an avatar interview group (Taylor & Dando, 2018). Both groups were shown a pre-recorders mock crime video and asked to return in 2 days to answer questions about the video. Participants were given instructions to not make up answers if they didn’t know or understand the question (Taylor & Dando, 2023). Participants in the avatar group were given the choice between a male or female avatar, the environment was predetermined and minimal (Taylor & Dando, 2023). Both groups participated in their interviews and completed questioners afterwards (Taylor & Dando, 2023). Hsu et. al., (2023), set up two experiments to test their research question. Experiment one was conducted to set a baseline of how well avatar interview conditions work (Hsu, et. al., 2023). The participants were assigned to either a face-to-face interview condition or avatar interview condition, those in the avatar condition were asked after the interview if they believed the avatar was human controlled or computer controlled (Hsu, et. al., 2023). Participants were shown a video of a child separated from their mother and were asked to return 1-6 weeks later for their

interview, they believed they were determining the suitability of the video for children (Hsu, et. al., 2023). They completed their interviews. In experiment two, participants were shown the same video and interviewed 6 weeks later, they were assigned to either a human avatar or faceless avatar condition (Hsu, et. al., 2023). They were interviewed using the same questions and format as experiment one, half of each group was told their avatar was computer controlled while the other half were told it was human controlled (Hsu, et. al., 2023). Both of these experiments were set up to test memory and recall for the participants, these are relevant because the video can show whether not the person was able to recall what they had seen accurately. The use of the avatars and virtual environments was used to test the effect of in person interactions on memory and recall. Limitations  Note: To answer each of the questions below, compare and contrast two of the three primary sources you identified in your Project Two milestone. Incorporate all three primary sources in your responses.  [Compare the use of participants in two primary sources of your choice. Consider how the choice of participants is relevant to the research or how comparing the participants could inform future research or different conclusions.]  [Compare the measures, tests, and research designs used in two primary sources and compare how these measures relate to the specific domains of cognition mentioned in the articles. Consider how the research methods used are relevant to the research and how they can inform future research or different conclusions.]  [Compare the limitations identified in two primary sources of your choice. Consider how the limitations are relevant to the research methodology implemented or conclusions drawn. For example, does the methodology in one article use procedures that can be used to infer causation more precisely and accurately? Does one source have a more representative sample than the other?] Conclusions  [Describe your conclusions about your selected topic based on the research you have analyzed.] References Dando, C., Taylor, D.A., Casio, A., Nahouli, Z., & Adam, C. (2023). Interviewing in virtual environments: Towards understanding the impact of rapport-building behaviors and retrieval context on eyewitness memory. Memory & Cognition, 51 (2), 404-421. HTTP://doi-org.ezproxy.snhu.edu/10.3758/s13421-022- 01362-7 Hsu, C.-W., Gross, J., Colombo, M., & Hayne, H. (2023). Look into my eyes: a “faceless” avatar interviewer lowers reporting threshold for adult eyewitness. Memory & Cognition, 51 (8), 1761-1773. Http://doi-org.ezproxy.snhu.edu/10.3758/s13421-023-01424-4

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Mcleod, S. (2023). Eyewitness testimony in psychology . Simply Psychology. https://www.simplypsychology.org/eyewitness-testimony.html Taylor, D.A., & Dando, C.J. (2018). Eyewitness memory in face-to-face and immersive avatar-to-avatar contexts. Frontiers in Psychology , 9. Http://doi-org.ezproxy.snhu.edu/10.3389/fpsyg.2018.00507

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