M04 Discussion - Cognitive and Behavioral Theory

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Psychology

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Feb 20, 2024

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Chapter Questions: In behavioral terms, why should relapse be expected among those in early recovery? Relapse is a common occurrence in early recovery, and it does not mean that the person has failed or given up on their recovery. Relapse can be seen as a learning opportunity to identify and address the factors that triggered the return to substance use. Thus, delay discounting is sometimes treated as a personality trait characterized by impulsivity, which varies in strength across individuals and can predispose one to relapse. (Thombs & Osborn, 2019) What is self-efficacy? How is it influenced? Self-efficacy is the belief in one’s own ability to succeed in specific situations or achieve specific goals. It is a key concept in social cognitive theory, which was developed by psychologist Albert Bandura12. Self- efficacy is important because it influences our motivation, behavior, and emotions. People with high self- efficacy are more likely to set challenging goals, persist in the face of setbacks, and bounce back from failures. They are also more likely to experience positive emotions, such as hope and confidence. The most powerful influence is thought to be that of performance accomplishments in previous mastery situations. Past failure experiences will undermine efficacy beliefs, whereas success will boost them. The second source of efficacy expectations consists of vicarious experiences—that is, observation of others’ success and failures. A third source is verbal persuasion; here, a person is told that he or she can master a task. This source has a relatively weak influence on efficacy expectations because it provides no personal experience of success or failure. (Thombs & Osborn, 2019) In Tiffany's Model, when do drug urges appear in cognitive processing? Human cognitive processing includes both automatic and nonautomatic processes (Shiffrin & Schneider, 1977). (Thombs & Osborn, 2019) Nonautomatic processes are those that require conscious attention, effort, and control, such as planning, reasoning, or problem-solving. Drug-use action schemata are automatized sequences of behavior that are triggered by cues and lead to drug consumption. Drug urges can either support or oppose the drug-use action schemata, depending on the person’s goals and motivations. Video Questions: Compare and contrast behavioral theory and cognitive theory. Behavioral theory focuses on observable behaviors and the impact of environmental stimuli, such as rewards and punishments, on behavior. Cognitive theory investigates mental processes, such as memory, perception, and problem-solving, and emphasizes the role of internal mental states, such as beliefs, thoughts, and emotions, on behavior. Behavioral theory assumes that behavior is determined by the environment and can be changed by manipulating the environmental contingencies. Cognitive theory assumes that behavior is influenced by cognition and can be changed by modifying the cognitive processes. (Atomi, 2019)

Behavioral theory and cognitive theory both use empirical methods and experimental designs to test their hypotheses and theories. They both aim to understand and improve human behavior and learning. Do you think you could work with clients using CBT, why or why not? Given the information I think the type of psychotherapy that helps people change their negative thoughts and behaviors that cause or worsen their psychological problems. CBT is based on the idea that our thoughts, emotions, and actions are interconnected, and that by modifying one of these components, we can improve the others. (Supporters, 2019) What are the differences between social learning theory and cognitive behavioral theory? Social learning theory assumes that behavior is determined by the environment and can be changed by manipulating the environmental contingencies. Cognitive behavioral theory assumes that behavior is influenced by cognition and can be changed by modifying the cognitive processes. (Lee, 2021) References: Thombs, D. L., & Osborn, C. J. (2019). Introduction to addictive behaviors. Guilford Publications. Behavioral theory | Behavior | MCAT | Khan Academy. (n.d.). Www.youtube.com. Retrieved February 9, 2024, from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=x7wZCtFWblE&feature=youtu.be Atomi. (2019). A Level Psychology: the Cognitive Approach [YouTube Video]. In YouTube. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FctU-QV8ZVo Supporters, F. (2019). Introduction to Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for Substance Use Disorders. In YouTube. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Otu5Ajlo-_w Lee, Y.-L. (2021, January 16). Albert Bandura Social Cognitive Theory. Www.youtube.com. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mRW45c4_HUI

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