PSYC-209 W20 Final Exam (CH

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Massasoit Community College *

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209

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Psychology

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Feb 20, 2024

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https://massasoit.instructure.com/courses/1952532/assignments/16870588/submissions/3248019 1/49 Submitted Jun 29, 2023 at 7:54am This attempt took 799 minutes. 1 / 1 pts Question 1 If the effect of one independent variable changes over levels of a second, we say that a(n) ”____________” is present. interaction Correct! Correct! main effect confounding extraneous relationship 1 / 1 pts Question 2 According to your text, social psychologists prefer experimental research because it is easier to do than correlational research. measuring a participant's behavior can be done more easily than in correlational research.
causal relationships among variables can be established. Correct! Correct! extraneous variables can be more carefully studied. all of the above 1 / 1 pts Question 3 According to your text, the two categories of influence used to understand social behavior are biology and environment. biology and culture. the situation and individual characteristics. Correct! Correct! the situation and culture. 1 / 1 pts Question 4 According to the expanded model of social behavior presented in your text _______ directly influence(s) behavior. social cognition and social perception an intention to behave in a certain way Correct! Correct! input from the social situation
an evaluation of the situation 1 / 1 pts Question 5 If the results of an experiment generalize beyond the confines of the experiment, the experiment is said to have “___________.” internal validity general validity external validity Correct! Correct! predictive validity overt validity 1 / 1 pts Question 6 According to your text, which of the following questions should you ask when evaluating the sample used in an experiment? Were enough participants used in the experiment? Was the sample used representative? Correct! Correct! Does the sample have internal validity? none of the above
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0 / 1 pts Question 7 According to your text, social perception and social cognition are central processes in understanding our world because they complement each other. make sure that our perceptions of the world are not biased. determine how we interpret social situations. Correct Answer Correct Answer help fuse the roles of individual characteristics and the social situation. all of the above You Answered You Answered 1 / 1 pts Question 8 According to the expanded model of social behavior presented in your text, individual characteristics and input from the social situation DIRECTLY influence intentions to perform a behavior. social behavior. the evaluation of the situation. social perception and social cognition. Correct! Correct!
1 / 1 pts Question 9 In an experiment on the effects of alcohol on aggression, one group of participants receives a drink with one ounce of alcohol added to it, whereas a second group receives the same drink with no alcohol added. In this experiment, the group of participants receiving the drink with the alcohol added comprises the ________ group. experimental Correct! Correct! control correlational placebo none of the above 1 / 1 pts Question 10 According to your text, self-enhancing resilients reacted to annoyance by others to their upbeat attitudes by severing relationships with those people. not being aware of the annoyance and recovering quickly from the trauma. Correct! Correct! showing heightened awareness of the annoyance which slowed their recover from the trauma. ignoring the annoyance of others.
1 / 1 pts Question 11 According to your text, which of the following serves as a source of information about the self? Introspection Social comparison Reflected appraisals all of the above Correct! Correct! both a and b only 1 / 1 pts Question 12 Research shows that men are more likely to use ________ controls on Facebook; whereas women are more likely to use ________ controls. expressive information; privacy and image privacy and image; expressive information Correct! Correct! political; social privacy and image; political 1 / 1 pts Question 13 After breaking up with his girlfriend, Rob is analyzing his thoughts and feelings while lying in bed one night. Rob is using ________ to learn about himself.
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social comparison introspection Correct! Correct! reflected appraisal self-observation 1 / 1 pts Question 14 When we incorporate salient group characteristics into a working self-concept, those characteristics exist alongside characteristics already in the working self-concept. Correct! Correct! completely suppress characteristics already in the working self-concept. replace characteristics already in the working self- concept. Have no relationship with characteristics already in the working self-concept. 1 / 1 pts Question 15 Vandello and Cohen (1999) have shown that the degree of collectivism, the close links among people in social groups, is highest in the United States in
the Midwest the Northwest, especially Oregon the Northeast states with diverse cultures or a single, dominant religion. Correct! Correct! 1 / 1 pts Question 16 Self-defeating behavior engaged in when you are uncertain about your success or failure at a task to protect your self-esteem in the face of failure is known as the self-serving bias. the egotistical bias. self-handicapping. Correct! Correct! self-destructiveness. 1 / 1 pts Question 17 The extent to which an individual monitors his or her own behavior and is more concerned with the self than others is the definition of “_________.” self-focus Correct! Correct! self-centering self-observation
self-comparison 1 / 1 pts Question 18 _________ is a process operating within self-regulation processes occurring when we consciously try to override a behavior that is dominant for us. Social comparison Self-control Correct! Correct! Delay of gratification Self-monitoring 1 / 1 pts Question 19 A schema helps organize related bits of information. contains prior knowledge of events. helps us interpret situations and guide behavior. all of the above Correct! Correct! both a and b only 1 / 1 pts Question 20
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Even though your golf partner, Maria, complains about how she plays on certain courses, you notice that she always plays well wherever and whenever she plays. Maria’s performance shows high consensus. high distinctiveness. high consistency. Correct! Correct! low consensus. 1 / 1 pts Question 21 Research shows that spending lottery winnings on _________ leads to the greatest happiness. charitable donations material possessions oneself others Correct! Correct! 1 / 1 pts Question 22 The cost of suppressing emotions (Richards & Gross, 1999) involves which of the following? deep priming of emotions
memory impairment Correct! Correct! decreased cardiovascular activity decreased brain activity 1 / 1 pts Question 23 ________ is a brand of social psychology that focuses on what makes people happy. Positive psychology Correct! Correct! Optimistic psychology Affirmative psychology Humanistic psychology 1 / 1 pts Question 24 Which of the following is true about the role of automatic processing in impression formation? Only a small portion of social perception is automatic. We are usually aware of stimuli that cause our behavior. Much of our social perception is automatic. Correct! Correct!
Automatic processing does not play a significant role in social perception. 1 / 1 pts Question 25 A disadvantage of using schemas is that individuals tend to accept information that fits a schema and reject information that does not. Correct! Correct! most of the time they are not complete. schemas often contain false information. all of the above D) none of the above 1 / 1 pts Question 26 In the study by Ekman and his coworkers (1999), they found that the best detectors of liars were professors of psychology. clergy. secret service agents. Correct! Correct! federal judges.
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1 / 1 pts Question 27 Myron has a tattoo on his forearm. According to research cited in your text, impressions of Myron will be most positive if he is a college professor. Correct! Correct! medical doctor. lawyer. all of the above both b and c only 1 / 1 pts Question 28 Research on the development of implicit and explicit prejudice has found that 10-year-olds showed high levels of both implicit and explicit racial prejudice. 10-year-olds showed high levels of implicit, but less explicit racial prejudice. Correct! Correct! 10-year-olds showed high levels of explicit but less implicit racial prejudice. 10-year-olds showed low levels of both implicit or explicit racial prejudice.
1 / 1 pts Question 29 Which of the following has been found to be significant factors underlying transphobia? Religious fundamentalism Hostile sexism Agreeableness all of the above both a and b only Correct! Correct! 1 / 1 pts Question 30 One effect of changes in laws and social norms is that people who used to be prejudiced are no longer prejudiced. racism and prejudice have become more visible. overt racism has become unacceptable, but it has been driven underground. Correct! Correct! prejudice can no longer be adequately defined or measured.
1 / 1 pts Question 31 According to your text, one way that categorization can lead to prejudice is through emotion. biased perception. language. Correct! Correct! the out-group bias. 1 / 1 pts Question 32 According to your text, men who enjoy sexist humor are more likely than men who do not to accept the rape myth. engage in forced sex. accept interpersonal violence. all of the above Correct! Correct! both a and c only 1 / 1 pts Question 33 Research by Cohen and Garcia (2005) found that experiencing collective threat
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is related to drops in student grade point averages. is related to lower self-esteem. was more likely to be experienced by blacks and Latinos than whites. all of the above Correct! Correct! both a and b only 1 / 1 pts Question 34 _________ is a negative prejudice based on a person's sex/ Genderism Sexism Correct! Correct! Heterosexism Homophobia 1 / 1 pts Question 35 According to research cited in your text, parental prejudice is significantly related to a child's _________, when the child strongly identifies with the parent. implicit prejudice explicit prejudice
predisposition to suppress automatic stereotypes all of the above both a and b only Correct! Correct! 1 / 1 pts Question 36 According to your text, stereotyping is an abnormal way of thinking. a way of thinking that is characteristic of only the most prejudiced individuals. simply part of the way we do business cognitively every day. Correct! Correct! harmless. 1 / 1 pts Question 37 According to your text, when you are part of a social network made up of people with similar views to yours, your attitudes become less resistant to change. become more resistant to change. Correct! Correct! become less important to you.
none of the above 1 / 1 pts Question 38 When LaPiere (1934) toured the country with a Chinese couple he found that they were refused service only once at hotels. When he followed up with a letter to hotels asking if they would serve a Chinese couple, the results showed that most hotel managers indicated that they would be happy to serve a Chinese couple. be more willing to serve a Chinese couple than a white couple. not serve a Chinese couple. Correct! Correct! none of the above 1 / 1 pts Question 39 According to your text, which of the following could contribute to bias in attitude measurement? how a question is phrased. the words used in questions. sometimes respondents lie. all of the above Correct! Correct! both a and b only
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1 / 1 pts Question 40 According to your text, the controversy that emerges whenever there is an opening on the Supreme Court is not important because ideology is not a good predictor of how a justice will vote. not important because a justice will put his or ideology aside when deciding a case. usually resolved quickly with little acrimony. important because the way a justice decides cases on social issues relates strongly to his or her ideology. Correct! Correct! 1 / 1 pts Question 41 According to your text, which of the following happens when you develop a new attitude? The old attitude remains in memory and can still affect behavior. Correct! Correct! The old attitude remains in memory but cannot affect behavior.
The old attitude becomes an alternative explicit attitude. The old attitude is completely erased from memory and no longer affects behavior. 1 / 1 pts Question 42 According to your text, compared to attitudes with a low heritability factor, attitudes with a high heritability factor tend to be weaker. are more easily changed. are less complex. are more complex. Correct! Correct! 1 / 1 pts Question 43 Which of the following is most true of explicit attitudes? They operate on a subliminal level. via controlled processing. Correct! Correct! a structural level. only when primed.
1 / 1 pts Question 44 Research by Conway, et al. (2015) on motivated social cognition in liberals and conservatives found that conservative thought is more rigid than liberal thought on most issues. liberal thought is more rigid than conservative thought on most issues. liberal and conservative though are equally rigid on most issues. whether liberal or conservative thought is more rigid depended on the issue being evaluated. Correct! Correct! 1 / 1 pts Question 45 Research on the use of social media as social networks has found that people avoid others whose views differ from their own. social media is rarely used for sharing controversial issues.
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fewer people use social media for networking than most people think. people using social media do not actively avoid others with whom they disagree. Correct! Correct! 1 / 1 pts Question 46 The __________ would be expected to hold when there is a delay between two persuasive messages and attitudes are evaluated immediately after the second message. law of recency Correct! Correct! law of primacy law of discrepancy law of confusion 1 / 1 pts Question 47 The Flexible Correction Model (FCM) states that individuals using the central route to process can be influenced by biasing factors because they are too intelligent highly motivated not aware of the biasing factors Correct! Correct!
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really peripheral route processors 1 / 1 pts Question 48 According to the "personal responsibility" explanation for dissonance phenomena, dissonance is aroused when you simply do something inconsistent with your beliefs. you process information centrally. you do something contrary to your beliefs that has positive consequences. you do something contrary to your beliefs that has negative consequences. Correct! Correct! 1 / 1 pts Question 49 Tom is watching a television show about how to rebuild a car engine. There are two hosts on the show, one male and one female. According to ________, Tom will probably see the male host as more persuasive. the sleeper effect cognitive dissonance theory the gender consistency effect
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the gender domain effect Correct! Correct! 1 / 1 pts Question 50 According to your text, propaganda often does not target deeply held beliefs and attitudes. This illustrates the ________ characteristics of propaganda. external internal Correct! Correct! dispositional characterological ANS: BREF: 234 1 / 1 pts Question 51 According to your text, a lesson we can learn from dissonance theory is that cognitive inconsistency often leads to attitude change. public commitment to a behavior that is inconsistent with one's beliefs produces change. dissonance-related attitude change only occurs when information is processed on the peripheral route. all of the above
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both a and b only Correct! Correct! 1 / 1 pts Question 52 Communicator credibility comprises two components. These are similarity and power. liability and power. expertise and liability. expertise and trustworthiness. Correct! Correct! 1 / 1 pts Question 53 Postdecision dissonance occurs after having made a choice between two equally desirable, mutually exclusive, similar alternatives. having made a choice between one bad and one good mutually exclusive alternatives. having made a choice between one really good choice and one moderate choice. having made a choice between two equally desirable, mutually exclusive, different alternatives. Correct! Correct!
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0 / 1 pts Question 54 According to your text, a communicator will be particularly effective if he or she argues against his or her best interest. Correct Answer Correct Answer presents arguments expected by the audience. You Answered You Answered panders to the audience. presents arguments that are complex and difficult to process. 1 / 1 pts Question 55 According to research cited in your text, norms are most likely to affect behavior when you have little social support. Correct! Correct! have strong social support. process social information automatically. process social information via controlled processing. 1 / 1 pts Question 56
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According to your text, examples of obedience such as the My Lai massacre and the Nazi extermination of Jews are examples of a form of obedience called normative obedience. antinormative obedience. destructive obedience. Correct! Correct! catastrophic obedience. 1 / 1 pts Question 57 According to your text, when your views agree with those of others it serves as a source of psychological reactance. informational social influence. social reinforcement. Correct! Correct! none of the above 1 / 1 pts Question 58 You are contemplating buying a new stereo. The salesperson quotes you a low price. The catch is that the sales manager must approve the price. When the salesperson comes back he tells you that the manager would not approve the low price and offers you a deal at a slightly higher price. This compliance technique is the ________ technique.
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low-ball Correct! Correct! foot-in-the-door door-in-the-face that's-not-all 1 / 1 pts Question 59 According to research by Burris and Rempel (2011), associating someone with a symbol of evil increases a belief in the myth of pure evil. Correct! Correct! Eichmann's fallacy. the notion of original sin. all of the above 1 / 1 pts Question 60 _______ involves groups of people advocating or breaking laws that they see as unjust. Anarchy The bandwagon effect Civil disobedience Correct! Correct! Constructive disobedience
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1 / 1 pts Question 61 Sherif's (1936, 1972) experiment on norm formation found that over time individual judgments about how much a stationary light moved converged, forming a group norm. Correct! Correct! remained constant, despite normative pressure. diverged, and became more independent. at first converged, but then became more independent. none of the above 1 / 1 pts Question 62 For which of the following would you expect the foot-in- the-door technique (in its original form) NOT to work? attempting to get a person do donate $10 to a charity. attempting to get a person to donate blood. attempting to get a person to donate to a hate group.
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the technique WOULD work in all of the above situations. both b and c only Correct! Correct! 1 / 1 pts Question 63 According to your text, norms govern how we dress in a given situation. close we stand to another person when talking to him or her. to behave in a classroom. all of the above Correct! Correct! both a and b only 1 / 1 pts Question 64 According to your text, which of the following is true of destructive obedience. It is rare in history. It does not only occur in large scale situations, but also smaller situations that can affect your everyday life. Correct! Correct!
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It only occurs on a large scale and only affects historical events. It accounts for most of the obedience we experience every day. 1 / 1 pts Question 65 According to your text, groups form solely because we enjoy being in them. only under conditions of high individual stress. to meet needs we cannot satisfy on our own. Correct! Correct! both a and b only both b and c only 1 / 1 pts Question 66 Which of the following is NOT specified as a factor that will lead to discrimination against another group in Tajfel's Self-identity Theory (SIT) The hierarchical organization of the in-group. Correct! Correct! The importance of the social category that the in- group represents.
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How strongly the group members identify with their group. The relative status difference between the in-group and the out-group. 0 / 1 pts Question 67 Zajonc's (1965) model to explain social facilitation suggests that the presence of others is a source of distraction. is a source of arousal. Correct Answer Correct Answer makes you concerned about how others will evaluate you. both a and b only You Answered You Answered none of the above 0 / 1 pts Question 68 Just before the launch of the space shuttle "Challenger" NASA felt that it could do no wrong because of its previous successful track record. This is an example of which of the following symptoms of groupthink? Rationalization
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The illusion of invulnerability Correct Answer Correct Answer Conformity pressures You Answered You Answered Self-censorship 1 / 1 pts Question 69 According to your text, groups with an integrated memory system tended to use more _________ information than groups with a differentiated memory system. shared Correct! Correct! unshared unique relevant 1 / 1 pts Question 70 Which of the following is true of ostracism? It requires face-to-face interaction. Ostracism can occur on a computer game. Ostracism can occur with cell phone text messages. both b and c above Correct! Correct! none of the above
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0 / 1 pts Question 71 Which of the following, according to your text, is true of social loafing? It is more common among men than women. You Answered You Answered It is more common among members of Eastern than Western cultures. It is more common among women than men. both a and b only Correct Answer Correct Answer both b and c only 1 / 1 pts Question 72 Research shows that a(n) _________ group format is not conducive to the group sharing information. unstructured, face-to-face Correct! Correct! unstructured, remote structured, face-to-face structured, remote 1 / 1 pts Question 73
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According to your text, which of the following distinguishes a group from an aggregate? Members of a group influence each other. Members of a group interact with each other. There are more than two individuals. all of the above both a and b only Correct! Correct! 1 / 1 pts Question 74 According to your text, similarity is most important in heterosexual, but not homosexual relationships. acquaintances, but not in intimate relationships. relationships in which we have little commitment. relationships that we are committed to. Correct! Correct! 1 / 1 pts Question 75 Based upon the research on how people accept change in a relationship which of the following would you infer is not true of people who believe that their partner can change. They
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are less concerned about the current state of the relationship. are more concerned about the partner's future self- image are likely to accept their partner even though they knew future positive change would not occur. Correct! Correct! try to make positive change come about. all of the above 1 / 1 pts Question 76 The Michelangelo phenomenon refers to the art of love. the interdependence that successful couples demonstrate. Correct! Correct! the finding that in a successful relationships each partner changes in ways that please themselves individually. a belief in romantic destiny. 1 / 1 pts Question 77
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According to social penetration theory, relationships first change in depth. breadth. Correct! Correct! length. commitment. 1 / 1 pts Question 78 Research on the effects of attitude similarity on attraction shows that the number of attitudes you share with another person is critical in determining attraction. there is actually an inverse relationship between the number of common attitudes between people and attraction. the proportion of attitudes you share with another person is more important than the number you share in determining attraction. Correct! Correct! attitude similarity is unrelated to attraction. 1 / 1 pts Question 79
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Langlolis (1986) in her study of the attractiveness bias in infants found that infants as young as three months preferred attractive faces over unattractive faces. Correct! Correct! infants as young as three months preferred unattractive faces over attractive faces. infants showed no preference for attractive or unattractive faces. infants were not able to tell the difference between attractive and unattractive faces. 1 / 1 pts Question 80 When Carrère and Gottman (1999) videotaped newlywed couples' interactions they found that couples who expressed negative emotions in the first three minutes of their interaction were likely to divorce a year later. divorce two years later. divorce six years later. Correct! Correct! married after six years.
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1 / 1 pts Question 81 Which of the following statements about loneliness is true? It is a subjective experience and not related to the number of people we have around us. Correct! Correct! It is more dependent on the number of people we have around us than any subjective experience. It is unhealthy to desire solitude. Loneliness is always temporary. 1 / 1 pts Question 82 With respect to gender differences in friendships during early adolescence, which of the following is true? girls have greater intimacy in friendships than boys. boys have greater intimacy in friendships that girls. girls tend to trust their friends more than boys. both a and c only Correct! Correct! both b and c only 1 / 1 pts Question 83
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According to a study by Anderson and Murphy (2003), females are most affected by a violent video game in which there are only female characters. there are only male characters. they control male characters. they control female characters. Correct! Correct! 0 / 1 pts Question 84 According to your text, _________ violence portrayed on television is most likely to lead to aggressive behavior. justified inaccurate implausible all of the above Correct Answer Correct Answer both a and b only You Answered You Answered 1 / 1 pts Question 85 According to your text, playing violent video games increases aggressive thoughts and emotions.
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increases physiological arousal. short-term decreases in prosocial behavior. all of the above Correct! Correct! both a and b only 1 / 1 pts Question 86 Children who watch a great deal of violent television programming become more sensitive to the suffering of victims of violence. become desensitized to the suffering of victims of violence. develop positive attitudes toward aggressive behavior. both a and c only both b and c only Correct! Correct! 1 / 1 pts Question 87 According to your text, if someone frustrates and angers you, you will be less likely to respond aggressively if you find out that
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the person did not have a good reason for frustrating and angering you. the person's behavior was a mistake. Correct! Correct! the person's behavior was intended. the person frustrated and angered others as well. 1 / 1 pts Question 88 Which of the following is true of gender differences in appetitive aggression? Male civilians showed more appetitive aggression among civilians, but male combat veterans did not. Correct! Correct! Female civilians showed more appetitive aggression among civilians, but female combat veterans did not. Female combat veterans showed more appetitive aggression among civilians, but female civilians did not. There is no gender difference. 1 / 1 pts Question 89 Richard Farley went on a shooting spree at the office where he formerly worked. He was fired from the job over an alleged sexual harassment incident and was
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seeking revenge for his losing his job. Farley's behavior illustrates the role of __________ in aggression. intent physiology perceived injustice Correct! Correct! fear 1 / 1 pts Question 90 Konrad Lorenz (1963), a prominent ethologist, maintains that human aggression relates mostly to murderous intent. territoriality. Correct! Correct! high testosterone levels. all of the above both b and c only 1 / 1 pts Question 91 According to a study by Mancini, Reckdenwald, and Beauregard (2012) investigating how time of exposure to pornography relates to sex crimes, viewing pornography in adolescence increases the likelihood of committing a sex crime.
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just before a sex crime reduces the amount of violence in the crime. Correct! Correct! just before a sex crime increases the amount of violence in the crime. after committing a sex crime reduces the likelihood of committing another sex crime. 1 / 1 pts Question 92 According to research by Franco, Blau, and Zimbardo (2011), the dimension of _________ was the central defining quality of an act of heroism. the character of the person physical risk Correct! Correct! threat to financial well-being altruism 1 / 1 pts Question 93 While driving home from school one day, you see a car with a flat tire on the side of the road. You see that someone is helping the car owner change the tire. A couple of miles down the road you also see a motorist in need of help changing a tire and stop and help. This example shows the effects of ________ on helping.
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gratitude empathy modeling Correct! Correct! cost 1 / 1 pts Question 94 Based on research by Morrow-Howell, et al. (1990) conducted in a nursing home, we might conclude that overall, white and black volunteers performed at similar levels. based on client reports, opposite-race volunteers did not perform as well as same-race volunteers. based on client reports, same-race volunteers did not perform as well as opposite-race volunteers. both a and b only Correct! Correct! both a and c only 1 / 1 pts Question 95 Which of the following child-rearing techniques is associated with altruistic children?
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The parents are warm and nurturing. The parents use reasoning as a discipline technique. The parents coach and teach the child to be altruistic. all of the above Correct! Correct! both a and b only 1 / 1 pts Question 96 When Latané and Darley (1968) interviewed participants after their "smoke filled room" experiment, participants who were with two nonresponsive bystanders thought that the smoke introduced into the room was "truth gas" to make them answer a questionnaire truthfully or that the smoke was smog. Which of the following best accounts for the participants' reasoning? pluralistic ignorance Correct! Correct! ambiguity of the situation diffusion of responsibility egoism 1 / 1 pts Question 97
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During World War II, Christians who helped Jews for money treated their charges less well than those who had not received money. This illustrates the fact that there are individual differences between people who help. the motivation behind an act of help may determine the quality of the help received. Correct! Correct! the amount of help given depends on the motivation behind giving help. the amount of help given is directly proportional to the amount of compensation received. none of the above 1 / 1 pts Question 98 "__________" altruism is behavior or a personal tendency intended to promote the welfare of others, but has unreasonable negative consequences to others or oneself. Maladaptive Pathological Correct! Correct! Abnormal Aberrant
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1 / 1 pts Question 99 You find out that an acquaintance of yours contracted AIDS because he received tainted blood before blood was routinely tested. According to Weiner's attributional analysis of helping, you will probably feel anger. egoism. pity. Correct! Correct! fear. 1 / 1 pts Question 100 According to your text, the large-scale rescue of Jews in Denmark is best understood in the context of normative pressure to help on a reluctant Danish population. Danish culture and its relationship to Danish Jews. Correct! Correct! a handful of autonomous altruists who rescued large numbers of Jews. none of the above Quiz Score: 94 out of 100
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